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基于光学测量系统的高压断路器铜钨弧触头烧蚀特性研究
Research on Ablation Characteristics of Copper-tungsten Arc Contacts of High-voltage Circuit Breakers Based on Optical Measurement System
- 高压电器 2025年 页码：1-8
- 作者机构：
1.国网陕西省电力有限公司电力科学研究院，西安 710100
2.西安交通大学电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室，西安 710049
3.北京ABB开关有限公司，北京 102600
4.国网陕西省电力有限公司超高压公司，西安 710065
5.国网陕西省电力有限公司营销服务中心（计量中心），西安 710100
6.西安工程大学，西安 710048
7.国网西咸新区供电公司变电检修中心，西安 710061
- 作者简介：
牛博（1980—），男，教授级高工，博士，主要研究方向为电力设备状态检测（E-mail：niubo127@163.com）。
褚继峰（1993—），男，助理教授，博士，主要研究方向为电力设备状态检测、智能传感器技术（E-mail：jfchu93@xjtu.edu.cn）。
杨爱军（1986—），男，教授，博士，主要研究方向为电力设备状态检测、微能量收集、人工智能技术。
- 基金信息：国网陕西省电力有限公司科技项目资助(5226KY22000N)
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牛博, 杨鼎革, 褚继峰, 等. 基于光学测量系统的高压断路器铜钨弧触头烧蚀特性研究[J/OL]. 高压电器, 2025,1-8.
NIU Bo, YANG Dingge, CHU Jifeng, et al. Research on Ablation Characteristics of Copper-tungsten Arc Contacts of High-voltage Circuit Breakers Based on Optical Measurement System[J/OL]. High voltage apparatus, 2025, 1-8.
摘要
高压SF
6
断路器具有关合、承载、开断额定电流和故障电流的能力，在维护电力系统安全稳定运行方面发挥着重要作用。然而，断路器触头在电弧烧蚀作用下寿命不断降低，进而导致开断失败，因此研究弧触头的烧蚀特性对开发电寿命监测系统有重要意义。文中基于高速摄影仪、高速光谱仪、光纤传感器等光学测量系统，对电弧弧根的宏观移动特性进行了观测。通过分析触头表面形态图像和质量损失，探究了铜钨触头在不同开断电流等级下的烧蚀特性。研究发现，随着开断电流的增大，弧根直径逐渐扩大，电弧在触头表面的移动性却降低；铜钨触头的质量损失呈现出指数式上升，表面甚至出现分层现象。在5 kA开断电流作用下，弧根在触头表面旋转移动；随着电流逐渐增加至40 kA，弧根旋转特性减弱，电弧逐渐向触头中心靠拢。因此，电弧特性、弧触头烧蚀量和开断电流之间存在关联关系，可以为高压SF
6
断路器的电寿命评估提供理论依据。
Abstract
High-voltage SF
6
circuit breakers have the ability to close
carry
and break rated current and fault current
and play an important role in maintaining the safe and stable operation of power systems. However
the life of circuit breaker contacts is continuously reduced under the action of arc ablation
which leads to breaking failure. Therefore
it is of great significance to study the ablation characteristics of arc contacts for the development of electrical life monitoring systems. Based on high-speed camera
high-speed spectrometer
optical fiber sensor and other optical measurement systems
this paper observes the macroscopic movement characteristics of arc root. By analyzing the contact surface morphological image and mass loss
the ablation characteristics of copper-tungsten contacts at different breaking current levels were explored. The study found that with the increase of breaking current
the diameter of the arc root gradually expanded
and the mobility of the arc on the contact surface decreased; the mass loss of copper-tungsten contacts increased exponentially
and the surface even appeared delamination. Under the action of 5 kA breaking current
the arc root rotates and moves on the surface of the contact; as the current gradually increases to 40 kA
the rotation characteristic of the arc root weakens
and the arc gradually moves towards the center of the c
ontact. Therefore
there is a correlation between the arc characteristics
the amount of arc contact ablation and the breaking current
which can provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation of the electrical life of high-voltage SF
6
circuit breakers.
关键词
Keywords
references
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