有载分接开关触头缺陷对切换过程中电磁辐射的影响研究

刘浩宇; 臧谦; 方天承; 张志刚; 代璐健; 张凡

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有载分接开关触头缺陷对切换过程中电磁辐射的影响研究

研究与分析 | 更新时间：2025-09-02

- 有载分接开关触头缺陷对切换过程中电磁辐射的影响研究
- Research on Electromagnetic Radiation Characteristics of On-load Tap Changer Switching under Different Contact States
- 默认刊物名称 2025年
- 作者机构：
  
  1.国网河北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院河北　石家庄 050021
  2.西安交通大学电工材料电气绝缘全国重点实验室陕西西安 710049
  3.国网河北省电力有限公司河北　石家庄 050021
- 作者简介：
  
  刘浩宇（1993.11），男，博士，高级工程师，变压器设备状态感知与智能评估技术，1102132065@qq.com。
- 基金信息：
  
  国网河北省电力有限公司科技项目(5204DY23000R)
- DOI：
  中图分类号：
- 稿件说明：
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刘浩宇, 臧谦, 方天承, 等. 有载分接开关触头缺陷对切换过程中电磁辐射的影响研究[J/OL]. 默认刊物名称, 2025.

LIU Haoyu, ZANG Qian, FANG Tiancheng, et al. Research on Electromagnetic Radiation Characteristics of On-load Tap Changer Switching under Different Contact States[J/OL]. Moren journal, 2025.
刘浩宇, 臧谦, 方天承, 等. 有载分接开关触头缺陷对切换过程中电磁辐射的影响研究[J/OL]. 默认刊物名称, 2025. DOI：

LIU Haoyu, ZANG Qian, FANG Tiancheng, et al. Research on Electromagnetic Radiation Characteristics of On-load Tap Changer Switching under Different Contact States[J/OL]. Moren journal, 2025. DOI：

摘要

有载分接开关切换过程会产生电弧，伴随电弧发展产生的电磁辐射及高频电流信号可用于有载分接开关的在线监测。本文首先开展了M型有载分接开关的切换试验，研究切换过程中的电磁辐射特性与切换时序的对应关系；然后搭建了模拟触头平台，研究了动静触头分离过程中的电磁辐射信号的频域特性。接着开展了触头松动与烧蚀的缺陷模拟，提出了基于Teager能量算子联合阈值及时间间隔寻峰算法的电磁辐射信号特征提取方法，获得了缺陷下燃弧时间和电磁辐射峰值的变化规律。研究结果表明，M型有载分接开关切换过程电磁辐射具有4阶段特征；触头分离过程中的高频电流频谱集中在7.5 MHz 与 10.2MHz 附近，电磁辐射信号主要产生于电弧起始和熄灭时刻，频谱集中在 7.0 MHz 与 10.0 MHz附近；触头松动时燃弧时间显著增加，最长可达50 ~ 60 ms；触头烧蚀下的燃弧次数伴随触头烧蚀严重程度显著递增。本文的研究结论对分接开关的状态监测具有重要意义。

Abstract

The switching process of on-load tap changers generates arcs

where the resulting electromagnetic radiation and high frequency current signals can be utilized for online monitoring. This study firstly investigates the electromagnetic radiation characteristics and switching timing extraction methods through tests on a M-type on-load tap changer. A simulation contact platform is then established to analyze the frequency domain characteristics of electromagnetic radiation during the separation of moving and static contacts. Additionally

simulations of loose and ablative contact defects are conducted

leading to the development of a feature extraction method for electromagnetic radiation signals based on the Teager energy operator

combined with threshold and time interval peak detection algorithms. This method reveals the variations in arc duration and electromagnetic radiation peaks under defective conditions. The findings indicate that the electromagnetic radiation during the switching process of the M-type on-load tap changer exhibits four distinct phases. The high frequency current spectrum during contact separation is concentrated around 7.5 MHz and 10.2 MHz

while electromagnetic radiation signals primarily occur at the moments of arc ignition and extinction

with spectra concentrated around 7.0 MHz and 10.0 MHz. Notably

arc duration significantly increases with loose contacts

reaching up to 50 to 60 ms. The number of arcing under contact erosion increases significantly with the severity of contact ablation. The research conclusion of this article is of great significance for the status monitoring of on-load tap changers.

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