中压电缆早期故障多物理场仿真及时频特征分析

赵景涛; 王毅松; 秦卉; 黄墀志; 张军; 石超群; 徐阳

doi:10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.06.012

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中压电缆早期故障多物理场仿真及时频特征分析

研究与分析 | 更新时间：2026-06-10

- 中压电缆早期故障多物理场仿真及时频特征分析
- Multi-physical Field Simulation and Time-frequency Characteristic Analysis of Incipient Fault in Medium Voltage Cables
- 高压电器 2026年62卷第6期页码：97-104
- 作者机构：
  
  国电南瑞科技股份有限公司，南京 211161
  西安交通大学电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室，西安 710049
  西安交通大学电气工程学院，西安 710049
- 作者简介：
  
  赵景涛（1978—），男，硕士，教授级高级工程师，主要研究方向为分布式电源、配电自动化等领域的研究（通信作者）（E-mail：zhaojingtao@sgepri.sgcc.com.cn）。
- 基金信息：
  
  南瑞集团有限公司科技项目;Science and Technology Project of NARI Group Corporation(SGNRGF00XAJS2301698)
- DOI：10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.06.012
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2025-11-10，
  
  修回：2026-01-21，
  
  纸质出版：2026-06-16
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
赵景涛, 王毅松, 秦卉, 等. 中压电缆早期故障多物理场仿真及时频特征分析[J]. 高压电器, 2026,62(6):97-104.

ZHAO Jingtao, WANG Yisong, QIN Hui, et al. Multi-physical Field Simulation and Time-frequency Characteristic Analysis of Incipient Fault in Medium Voltage Cables[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(6): 97-104.
赵景涛, 王毅松, 秦卉, 等. 中压电缆早期故障多物理场仿真及时频特征分析[J]. 高压电器, 2026,62(6):97-104. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.06.012.

ZHAO Jingtao, WANG Yisong, QIN Hui, et al. Multi-physical Field Simulation and Time-frequency Characteristic Analysis of Incipient Fault in Medium Voltage Cables[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(6): 97-104. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.06.012.

摘要

电缆的早期故障通常伴随着间歇性电弧产生，在电流过零点附近自主熄弧，表现为故障自清除，该过程的物理变化尚不明确。由于间歇性电弧放电持续时间极短，传统继电保护设备难以识别到早期故障，需要提取合适的特征对早期故障信号进行辨识。文中基于磁流体动力学理论（magneto hydro dynamics，MHD）开展了中压电缆的多物理场仿真研究，分析了1/4周波间歇性电弧电流密度、磁场强度与温度分布的变化，并对仿真波形作短时傅里叶变换（short-time Fourier transform，STFT），得到早期故障的频域特征。结果表明，电缆早期故障时出现高频分量，在Hanning窗处理的5 kHz频率下与正常运行时差异明显，振幅差距可达85 dB。而Hamming窗的处理效果较差，需要考虑选取或结合适当的特征进行识别。

Abstract

Incipient faults in cables are often accompanied by intermittent arcing

with self-extinuishing of the arc occuring near the current zero-crossinng point

manifesting as self fault clearanc. However

the physical changes durig this process are still not well understood. Due to the very short duration of intermittent arc discharge

it is difficult for traditional relay protection equipment to identify incipient faults and appropriate features need to be extracted to identify incipient fault signals. In this paper

based on the magneto hydro dynamics theory (MHD)

the multiphysical field simulation of medium voltage cables is performed to analyze the variation of current density

magnetic field intensity and temperature distribution during a quarter cycle of intermittent arcing. Short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is performed on the simulation waveform so to obtain the frequency domain characteristics of the incipient fault. The results show that in case of incipient fault in cables there is a high frequency component

which is obviously different from the normal operation under the 5 kHz frequency treated by Hanning window

and the amplitude difference can be up to 85 dB. While

the Hamming window has a weak processing effect

so it is necessary to select or combine appropriate features for identification.

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