碱性电解制氢系统动态建模与仿真

柯绍杰; 徐桂芝; 梁丹曦; 俎焱敏; 梁立晓; 赵雪莹; 宗正; 宋洁

doi:10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.07.003

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碱性电解制氢系统动态建模与仿真

绿氢系统关键技术与全链条经济性分析 | 更新时间：2026-07-06

- 碱性电解制氢系统动态建模与仿真
- Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Alkaline Water Electrolysis Hydrogen Production System
- 高压电器 2026年62卷第7期页码：26-44
- 作者机构：
  
  中国电力科学研究院有限公司，北京 100192
- 作者简介：
  
  柯绍杰（1996—），男，硕士，助理工程师，主要研究方向为电氢系统优化与控制技术（E-mail:1125687682@qq.com）。
  徐桂芝（1976—），女，硕士，教授级高级工程师，主要研究方向为新型储能、大规模储能技术、智慧能源（E-mail:xuguizhi@epri.sgcc.com.cn）。
  梁丹曦（1992—），女，硕士，高级工程师，主要研究方向为电氢系统优化与控制技术、电氢协同优化调度技术（E-mail:liangdanxi@sina.com）。
  宋洁（1982—），女，硕士，教授级高级工程师，主要研究方向为电氢系统优化与控制技术、电氢协同优化调度技术（通信作者）（Email:songjie@epri.sgcc.com.cn）。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家科技重大专项;National Science and Technology Major Project(2025ZD0806100)
- DOI：10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.07.003
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2026-02-02，
  
  修回：2026-04-11，
  
  纸质出版：2026-07-16
- 稿件说明：
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柯绍杰, 徐桂芝, 梁丹曦, 等. 碱性电解制氢系统动态建模与仿真[J]. 高压电器, 2026,62(7):26-44.

KE Shaojie, XU Guizhi, LIANG Danxi, et al. Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Alkaline Water Electrolysis Hydrogen Production System[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(7): 26-44.
柯绍杰, 徐桂芝, 梁丹曦, 等. 碱性电解制氢系统动态建模与仿真[J]. 高压电器, 2026,62(7):26-44. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.07.003.

KE Shaojie, XU Guizhi, LIANG Danxi, et al. Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Alkaline Water Electrolysis Hydrogen Production System[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(7): 26-44. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.07.003.

摘要

针对现有碱性电解制氢仿真研究聚焦静态模拟、缺乏全流程动态特性及故障行为刻画的问题，本研究基于MATLAB/Simulink构建碱性电解制氢系统模块化全流程动态仿真模型，通过多物理场耦合机理方程表征设备电—热—质动态特性，创新引入碱液流量对气泡覆盖率的修正，并融入漏液、缺水典型故障的数学描述。通过试验数据验证，动态仿真误差＜0.5%，依托模型探究了多参数对极化特性、气泡覆盖度、气体渗透量的调控规律，分析了系统启动—变载—停机全工况下多参数的动态响应特征，精准捕捉了漏液、缺水故障下电—热—质参数的连锁异常演变规律。同时开展了多参数协同控制仿真，结果表明解耦协同控制相比独立PID控制，能有效抑制工况波动时参数的超调与振荡。该模型实现了系统正常运行以及故障工况下的参数动态模拟，为碱性电解制氢系统工艺优化、控制及安全防护策略设计验证提供仿真支撑。

Abstract

To address the issue that existing simulation studies on alkaline water electrolysis for hydrogen production focus on static modeling and lack the charcaterization of full-process dynamic characteristics andfault behaviors

in this paper a modular

full-process dynamic simulation model of an alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production system based onMATLAB/Simulink is developed. The dynamic electro-thermal-mass transfer characteristics of the equipment are characterized by multi-physics field coupling mechanism equations. An innovative correction of bubble coverage rate by alkaline liquor rate is introduced

and mathematical descriptions of such typical faults as liquid leakage and water shortage are incporpoated. Validated by experimental data

the dynamic simulation error is less than 0.5%. Based on the model

the regulatory effect of multiple parameters on polarization characteristics

bubble coverage and gas permeation rate are explored.The dynamic response characteristics of multiple parameters under full operating conditions（system start-up

load variation and shutdown）are analyzed

and the cascading abnormal evolution patterns of electrical-thermal-mass parameters under liquid leakage and water shortage faults are accurately captured. Furthermore

multiple parameter cooperative control simulations are carried out. The results show that compared with independent PID control

the decoupled cooperative control can effectively suppress the overshoot and oscillation of parameters under operating condition fluctuations. This model achieves the dynamic simulation of system parameters under both normal and fault conditions

providing simulation support for the process optimization

control and safety protection strategy design and verification of alkaline water electrolysis hydrogen production systems.

关键词

Keywords

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