基于自适应虚拟同步机提升频率支撑能力的风氢耦合系统

王佳乐; 任永峰; 赵凤伟; 王伟; 贺彬

doi:10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.07.004

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基于自适应虚拟同步机提升频率支撑能力的风氢耦合系统

绿氢系统关键技术与全链条经济性分析 | 更新时间：2026-07-06

- 基于自适应虚拟同步机提升频率支撑能力的风氢耦合系统
- Wind-hydrogen Coupling System for Enhancing Frequency Support Capability Based on Adaptive Virtual Synchronous Machine
- 高压电器 2026年62卷第7期页码：45-55
- 作者机构：
  
  内蒙古工业大学能源与动力工程学院，呼和浩特 010080
  风能太阳能利用技术教育部重点实验室，呼和浩特 010080
  内蒙古自治区新能源与储能技术重点实验室，呼和浩特 010080
  华能新能源股份有限公司蒙西分公司，呼和浩特 010000
- 作者简介：
  
  王佳乐（2000—），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为新能源发电（E-mail:3310638192@qq.com）。
  任永峰（1971—），男，博士，教授，博导，主要从事新型电力系统运行与控制、新能源发电、氢能与储能技术方面的研究（通信作者）（Email:renyongfeng@imut.edu.cn）。
- 基金信息：
  
  内蒙古自治区重点研发和成果转化项目;Key R & D and Achievement Transformation Projects in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2023YFHH0077);国家自然科学基金;National Natural Science Foundation of China(52367022);中国华能集团有限公司科技项目;Science and Technology Project of China Huaneng Corporation Ltd(HNKJ24-H117)
- DOI：10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.07.004
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2026-01-16，
  
  修回：2026-04-21，
  
  纸质出版：2026-07-16
- 稿件说明：
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王佳乐, 任永峰, 赵凤伟, 等. 基于自适应虚拟同步机提升频率支撑能力的风氢耦合系统[J]. 高压电器, 2026,62(7):45-55.

WANG Jiale, REN Yongfeng, ZHAO Fengwei, et al. Wind-hydrogen Coupling System for Enhancing Frequency Support Capability Based on Adaptive Virtual Synchronous Machine[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(7): 45-55.
王佳乐, 任永峰, 赵凤伟, 等. 基于自适应虚拟同步机提升频率支撑能力的风氢耦合系统[J]. 高压电器, 2026,62(7):45-55. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.07.004.

WANG Jiale, REN Yongfeng, ZHAO Fengwei, et al. Wind-hydrogen Coupling System for Enhancing Frequency Support Capability Based on Adaptive Virtual Synchronous Machine[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(7): 45-55. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.07.004.

摘要

针对高比例可再生能源电力系统频率稳定性不足的问题，在含有储氢环节的系统中提出了一种基于自适应惯量—阻尼调节的电网侧柔性制氢负荷协同控制方法。首先，分析了质子交换膜（proton exchange membrane

PEM）电解制氢负荷的动态响应特性及其功率调节能力，并基于其工作特性构建PEM电解槽柔性负荷参与频率调节的等效数学模型。在此基础上，结合系统频率变化率与频率偏差的动态特性，设计了一种基于Sigmoid函数的自适应虚拟同步机（adaptive virtual synchronous machine

AVSM）控制策略，在弱电网场景下将这种策略应用在PEM电解槽柔性负荷上，利用其功率大范围灵活可调节的优势，为系统提供惯性和阻尼，抑制了制氢负荷投切瞬间及典型风速波动下系统频率的扰动幅度。最后，在MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台上对所提方法进行了验证。仿真结果表明，所提出的控制策略在系统频率扰动恢复过程中具有更优的动态性能和稳定性。

Abstract

To address the issue of insufficient frequency stability in power system with a high proportion of renewable energy

in this paper a collaborative control method for grid-side flexible hydrogen loads based on adaptive inertia-damping regulation in a system incprporating a hydrogen storage link is proposed. First

the dynamic response characteristics and power regulation capability of proton exchange membrane（PEM）electrolytic hydrogen production loads are analyzed

and an equivalent mathematic model for the participation of PEM electrolyzer flexible loads in frequency regulation participation is constructed based on their operating characteristics. On this basis

combined with the dynamic characteristics of the system frequency change rate and frequency deviation

an adaptive virtual synchronous machine（AVSM）control strategy bsed on the Sigmoid function is designed.This strategy is applied to the PEM electrolyzer flexible load in a weak grid scenario. By leveraging the advantage of its wide-range and flexible power regulation capability

the proposed strategy provides inertia and damping for the system

suppressing the amplitude of frequency disturbances during the switching moments of the hydrogen production load and under typical wind speed fluctuations. Finally

the propose dmethod is verified on the MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform. The simulation result shows that the proposed control strategy exhibits more superior dynamic performance and stability during the recovery of system frequency fluctuation.

关键词

Keywords

references

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