在运252 kV真空断路器X射线辐射特性研究

孙为; 石桓通; 苏海博; 王勇; 李兴文

doi:10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.07.006

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在运252 kV真空断路器X射线辐射特性研究

研究与分析 | 更新时间：2026-07-06

- 在运252 kV真空断路器X射线辐射特性研究
- Research on X-ray Radiation Characteristics of In-service 252 kV Vacuum Circuit Breaker
- 高压电器 2026年62卷第7期页码：70-77
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学电工材料电气绝缘全国重点实验室，西安 710049
  广东电网有限责任公司广州供电局电力科学研究院，广州 510665
- 作者简介：
  
  孙为（1998—），男，博士研究生，主要从事高压真空灭弧室X射线辐射方向的研究（E-mail:1479246260@qq.com）。
  李兴文（1978—），男，教授，博士生导师，主要从事高电压与大电流、脉冲功率与等离子体等方向的研究（通信作者）（E-mail:xwli@mail.xjtu.edu.cn）。
- 基金信息：
  
  陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目;Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(2022JC-DW5-03);南方电网科技项目;Science and Technology Project of China Southern Power Grid(GDKJXM20222362)
- DOI：10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.07.006
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2026-01-15，
  
  修回：2026-03-18，
  
  纸质出版：2026-07-16
- 稿件说明：
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孙为, 石桓通, 苏海博, 等. 在运252 kV真空断路器X射线辐射特性研究[J]. 高压电器, 2026,62(7):70-77.

SUN Wei, SHI Huantong, SU Haibo, et al. Research on X-ray Radiation Characteristics of In-service 252 kV Vacuum Circuit Breaker[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(7): 70-77.
孙为, 石桓通, 苏海博, 等. 在运252 kV真空断路器X射线辐射特性研究[J]. 高压电器, 2026,62(7):70-77. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.07.006.

SUN Wei, SHI Huantong, SU Haibo, et al. Research on X-ray Radiation Characteristics of In-service 252 kV Vacuum Circuit Breaker[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(7): 70-77. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.07.006.

摘要

为准确掌握已投运高电压等级真空断路器的X射线辐射特性，文中以广州芳村变电站252 kV单断口真空断路器为研究对象，开展了辐射特性实验研究。采用热释光剂量片对设备在断口阶梯耐压试验及连续15天触头闭合正常运行状态下的辐射剂量进行了测量，并利用基于吸收法的阵列式能谱仪对耐压过程中产生的X射线能谱进行了重建与分析。实验结果表明，在阶梯耐压试验中，A、B、C三相真空断路器在距离1m处产生的辐射剂量率均超出GB 18871—2002《电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准》限值，其中C相真空断路器的辐射剂量率是另外两相的7倍以上。能谱重建结果显示，辐射能谱峰值位于约70 keV处，光子能量主要集中在40～150 keV范围。在连续15天的正常运行监测期间，闭合状态下的真空断路器仍持续产生X射线辐射，归算至1 m距离处的辐射剂量率约0.5 μSv/min；剂量率随测量方向与触头端面夹角增大而呈高斯递减，反映了辐射场的空间非均匀分布特性。本研究为高电压等级真空断路器的辐射防护设计提供了参考。

Abstract

To accurately determine the X-ray radiation characteristics of in-service high-voltage vacuum circuit breaker（VCB）

in this paper the 252 kV single-break VCBs at Fangcun Substation in Guangzhou is taken as the research object and experimental investigations of its radiation characteristics are carried out. The thermoluminescent dosimeters（TLDs）are used to measure the radiation dose of the equipment during stepped withstand voltage tests across the break and under normal operating conditions with contacts closed for consecutive 15 days. Additionally， an array-type spectrometer based on the absorption method is used to reconstruct and analyze the X-ray energy spectrum generated during the withstanding voltage process. The experimental results show that during the step voltage withstand test

the radiation dose rates genersted by phases A

and C of VCBs at a distance of 1 m all exceed the standard limit specified in theGB 18871—2002《Basic Standards for Protection Against Ionizing Radiation Protection and for Safety of Radiation Source》. Among them

the radiation dose rate of phase C vacuum circuit breaker is more than seven times that of other two phases. The energy spectrum reconstruction results show that the peak of the radiation energy spectrum is located at approximately 70 keV. The photon energy is mainly concentrated in the range of 40～150 keV. During the 15-day continuous monitoring under normal operation

the VCBs in the closed position continuously generate X-ray radiation

with a radiation dose rate of approximately 0.5 μSv/min when normalized to a distance of 1 m.The dose rate exhibits a Gaussian decay as the angle between the measurement direction and the contact surface increases

reflecting the spatial non-uniform distribution of the radiation field. This study provides references for the radiation protection design of high-voltage VCBs.

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