基于分形理论的真空击穿后电极表面微观形貌特征分析方法

李洪涛; 尹泽; 庄添鑫; 沈靖宇; 程豪; 马慧

doi:10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.09.002

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基于分形理论的真空击穿后电极表面微观形貌特征分析方法

高压开关与GIS/GIL设备技术 | 更新时间：2026-09-10

- 基于分形理论的真空击穿后电极表面微观形貌特征分析方法
- Analysis Method for Micro-morphology Characteristics of Electrode Surface After Vacuum Breakdown Based on Fractal Theory
- 高压电器 2026年62卷第9期页码：15-20
- 作者机构：
  
  国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院，南京 211103
  西安交通大学电气工程学院，西安 710049
- 作者简介：
  
  李洪涛（1987—），男，博士，高级工程师，主要研究方向为开关类设备调试试验、状态诊断、故障分析等工作（通信作者）（E-mail：5pro@163.com）。
- 基金信息：
  
  国网江苏省电力有限公司科技项目;Science and Technology Program of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd(J2023037)
- DOI：10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.09.002
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2026-03-11，
  
  修回：2026-06-28，
  
  纸质出版：2026-09-16
- 稿件说明：
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李洪涛, 尹泽, 庄添鑫, 等. 基于分形理论的真空击穿后电极表面微观形貌特征分析方法[J]. 高压电器, 2026,62(9):15-20.

LI Hongtao, YIN Ze, ZHUANG Tianxin, et al. Analysis Method for Micro-morphology Characteristics of Electrode Surface After Vacuum Breakdown Based on Fractal Theory[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(9): 15-20.
李洪涛, 尹泽, 庄添鑫, 等. 基于分形理论的真空击穿后电极表面微观形貌特征分析方法[J]. 高压电器, 2026,62(9):15-20. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.09.002.

LI Hongtao, YIN Ze, ZHUANG Tianxin, et al. Analysis Method for Micro-morphology Characteristics of Electrode Surface After Vacuum Breakdown Based on Fractal Theory[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(9): 15-20. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.09.002.

摘要

文中的目标是提出基于分形理论的真空击穿后电极表面微观形貌特征分析方法。首先通过雷电冲击实验获得真空击穿后棒—板电极表面的微观形貌特征，其次通过结构函数法估计电极表面的分形维数，继而根据分形维数分析电极表面的形貌特征。结果表明，分形维数可用于描述电极表面的微观形貌特征，分形维数可用结构函数法进行估计。曲面横、纵两个方向的估计分形维数基本一致，说明经过雷电冲击耐压试验后的电极表面形貌各向同性较好。板电极表面的分形维数受击穿能量大小影响，与击穿电压无明显关系。棒电极尖端表面分形维数在不同实验条件下保持一致，约为2.91。因此，雷电冲击下真空击穿所形成的表面具有相似的形貌特征，分形维数可用于描述此现象。

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to propose a method for analyzing the micro-morphology characteritics after vacuum breakdown based on fractal theory. First

the micro-morphology characteritics on the rod-plane electrode surface after vacuum breakdown is obtained through the dielectric strength under lightning impulse voltage. Then

the fractal dimension of electrode surface is estimated by a structure function method and

based on the fractal dimension

the micro-morphology characteritics of electrode surface is analyzed. The results show that the fractal dimension can be used to describe the micro-morphology characteristics of electrode surface and can be estimated by the structure function method. The estimated fractal dimensions of the horizontal and vertical directions of the curved surface are basically identical

indicating that the electrode surface after the lightning impulse voltage test exhibits good isotropy. For the plane electrode

the fractal dimension of surface is affected by the breakdown energy

and has no obvious relationship with the breakdown voltage. For the rod electrode

the fractal dimension of tip surface remains consistent under different experimental conditions and the value is approximately 2.91. Therefore

the surfaces formed by vacuum breakdown under lightning impulse voltage has similar micro-morphology charactersitic

and fractal dimension can be used to describe such phenomenon.

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