快速机械开关合闸振动与形变特性研究

莫永鹏; 游雨欣; 邹灏; 郑武纬; 史宗谦

doi:10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.09.006

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快速机械开关合闸振动与形变特性研究

高压开关与GIS/GIL设备技术 | 更新时间：2026-09-10

- 快速机械开关合闸振动与形变特性研究
- Study on Closing Vibration and Deformation Characteristics of Fast Mechanical Switches
- 高压电器 2026年62卷第9期页码：50-59
- 作者机构：
  
  西安交通大学电工材料电气绝缘全国重点实验室，西安 710049
  国网重庆市电力公司市北供电分公司，重庆 401147
  安徽省人民政府办公厅，合肥 230091
- 作者简介：
  
  莫永鹏（1989—），男，博士研究生，副研究员，主要研究方向为电力开关设备状态评估方向（通信作者）（E-mail：yongpeng.mo@xjtu.edu.cn）。
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.09.006
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2026-03-20，
  
  修回：2026-05-20，
  
  纸质出版：2026-09-16
- 稿件说明：
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莫永鹏, 游雨欣, 邹灏, 等. 快速机械开关合闸振动与形变特性研究[J]. 高压电器, 2026,62(9):50-59.

MO Yongpeng, YOU Yuxin, ZOU Hao, et al. Study on Closing Vibration and Deformation Characteristics of Fast Mechanical Switches[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(9): 50-59.
莫永鹏, 游雨欣, 邹灏, 等. 快速机械开关合闸振动与形变特性研究[J]. 高压电器, 2026,62(9):50-59. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.09.006.

MO Yongpeng, YOU Yuxin, ZOU Hao, et al. Study on Closing Vibration and Deformation Characteristics of Fast Mechanical Switches[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(9): 50-59. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.09.006.

摘要

快速机械开关合闸过程电磁驱动力较小，较分闸过程更易受外部因素干扰，长期运行下可能导致合闸性能下降甚至失败。然而当前对合闸特性的研究较为有限。该文对某快速机械开关样机展开深入实验研究，从振动及形变角度研究其长期运行下的合闸特性。首先，搭建了合闸特性实验平台，获取其长期运行下的运动、振动与形变数据。其次，研究了电容电压与摩擦系数对合闸运动的影响，结果表明合闸电容电压小幅下降会显著降低合闸平均速度，电压下降约3%时速度降低约23%。接着，对合闸振动信号进行了时频域分析，发现分合闸线圈所在平面的振动信号最为明显，信号冲击主要集中在0～5 kHz频段，其中0～2 kHz频段的冲击较强，且合闸电容电压与摩擦增大均会减小信号频谱峰值。最后，结合应力仿真对形变数据进行分析，结果表明保持装置连杆形变随开关动作次数增加而缓慢增大，左侧形变程度及速率均大于右侧，机构连杆未出现明显形变。

Abstract

The electromagnetic driving force of fast mechanical switches during the closing process is relatively small compared to that during the opening process

making it more susceptible to external disturbances. The longterm operation in this condition may lead to degradation or even failure of closing performance. However

the studies on the closing characteristics at present are still limited. In this paper

an in-depth experimental study is carried out on a prototype of a fast mechanical switch

investigating its closing characteristics under long-term operation from perspectives of vibration and deformation. First

a closing characteristic experimental platform is established to acquire motion

vibration

and deformation data of the switch under long-term operation. Then

the influence of capacitive voltage and friction coefficient on the closing operation is studied. The result shows that a slight decrease in the closing apactive voltage can significantly reduce the average closing speed. When the voltage drops by approximately 3%

the speed decreases by about 23%. Then

time-frequency analysis of the closing vibration signals is conducted. It is found that the vibration signals on the plane of the opening/closing coils are the most prominent

with the impulse energy primarily concentrated within the 0~5 kHz

and partcularly stronger in the 0~2 kHz range. Furthermore

both the reduction of closing capacitive voltage and the increase of friction resistance tend to diminish the spectral peak values of the vibration signals. Finally

the deformation data is analyzed in combination with stress simulation. The result shows the deformation of the link in the holding mechanism gredually increase with the number of switching operations. The degree and rate of deformation on the left side are both greater than on the right side

while the link of the actuating mechanism does not exhibit significant deformation.

关键词

Keywords

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