雷电冲击击穿下多元混合绝缘油的关键性能变化及裂解机理研究

刘梦娜; 刘熙; 刘熊; 杨旭; 周正钦; 王谦; 叶文郁

doi:10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.09.009

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

雷电冲击击穿下多元混合绝缘油的关键性能变化及裂解机理研究

绝缘介质与放电机理研究 | 更新时间：2026-09-10

- 雷电冲击击穿下多元混合绝缘油的关键性能变化及裂解机理研究
- Study on Key Performance Variations and Pyrolysis Mechanisms of Multicomponent Mixed Insulating Oil Under Lightning Impulse Breakdown
- 高压电器 2026年62卷第9期页码：79-88,107
- 作者机构：
  
  国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司，武汉 430074
  南瑞集团（国网电力科学研究院）有限公司，南京 211000
  国网重庆市电力公司，重庆 400014
  重庆大学电气工程学院输变电装备技术全国重点实验室，重庆 400044
- 作者简介：
  
  刘梦娜（1993—），女，硕士，工程师，研究方向为高电压与绝缘技术。
  叶文郁（1995—），男，博士，助理研究员，研究方向为先进电工材料研发、性能表征及微观机理（通信作者）（E-mail：ywypost@163.com）。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家电网公司总部科技项目;Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China Headquarters(5500-202327118A-1-1-ZN)
- DOI：10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.09.009
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2026-03-21，
  
  修回：2026-05-22，
  
  纸质出版：2026-09-16
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
刘梦娜, 刘熙, 刘熊, 等. 雷电冲击击穿下多元混合绝缘油的关键性能变化及裂解机理研究[J]. 高压电器, 2026,62(9):79-88,107.

LIU Mengna, LIU Xi, LIU Xiong, et al. Study on Key Performance Variations and Pyrolysis Mechanisms of Multicomponent Mixed Insulating Oil Under Lightning Impulse Breakdown[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(9): 79-88,107.
刘梦娜, 刘熙, 刘熊, 等. 雷电冲击击穿下多元混合绝缘油的关键性能变化及裂解机理研究[J]. 高压电器, 2026,62(9):79-88,107. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.09.009.

LIU Mengna, LIU Xi, LIU Xiong, et al. Study on Key Performance Variations and Pyrolysis Mechanisms of Multicomponent Mixed Insulating Oil Under Lightning Impulse Breakdown[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(9): 79-88,107. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.09.009.

摘要

为揭示多元混合绝缘油在雷电冲击击穿后的关键性能劣化规律及微观裂解机理，搭建了雷电冲击击穿试验平台，测试了不同油隙条件下油品的理化性能、介电性能及溶解气体体积分数，并基于ReaxFF反应力场开展了分子动力学模拟，分析了击穿放电产生的高温强电场耦合作用下油分子的裂解路径与特征气体生成机制。结果表明：随油隙增大，击穿后油品性能劣化加剧，其中酸值增幅最为显著，长间隙条件下较初始值升高近190%，可作为冲击老化程度的敏感指标；介质损耗因数与体积电阻率在长间隙下分别劣化约53%和40%，颗粒浓度显著增加且集中于5～15 μm粒径范围；H

与C

为主要特征气体，其体积分数随放电能量增加持续上升。分子模拟表明，低电场下裂解以单键逐步断裂为主，强电场通过

增强分子极化和化学键断裂概率加快裂解过程并诱发芳香烃开环反应，但特征气体生成路径仍遵循传统热裂解机制。研究结果可为多元混合绝缘油的工程应用及绝缘状态评估提供理论依据。

Abstract

To reveal the key performance degradation behavior and the microscopic pyrolysis mechanism of multicomponent mixed insulating oil after lightning impulse breakdown

a lightning impulse breakdown test platform is established. The physicochemical properties

dielectric performance

and dissolved gas content of the oil samples are tested under different oil-gap conditions. Furthermore

molecular dynamics simulations based on the ReaxFF reactive force field are conducted to analyze the pyrolysis pathways of oil molecules and the formation mechanisms of characteristic gases under the coupled effects of high-temperature and strong electric field generated by the breakdown discharge. The results show that with increase of oil gap

the performance degradation of the oil samples after breakdown becomes more severepronounced. Among all parameters

the acid value exhibits the most significant increase

rising by nearly 190% compared to the initial value under long-gap conditions

which can serve as a sensitive indicator of impulse aging degree. Under long-gap conditions

the dielectric dissipation factor and volume resis tivity deteriorate by approximately 53% and 40%

respectively

while the particle concentration increases significantly and is mainly distributed in the 5~15 μm size range. The H

and C

are identified as the main characteristic gases

and their contents increase continuously with increase of discharge energy. The molecular simulation indicates that under a low electric field

pyrolysis is dominated by stepwise single-bond scission

while a strong electric field accelerates the pyrolysis process by enhancing molecular polarization and increasing the probability of chemical bond cleavage

and also induces ring-opening reactions of aromatic hydrocarbons. However

the formation pathways of characteristic gases still foll

ow conventional thermal pyrolysis mechanisms. The study results can provide a theoretical basis for the engineering application and insulation condition assessment of multi-component mixed insulating oil.

关键词

Keywords

references

李建明,王志同,米西岩,等.低压采用箔式绕组的变压器优化设计[J].变压器,2024,61(1):5-8.

Li Jianming,Wang Zhitong,Mi Xiyan,et al. Optimal design of low-voltage transformer with foil winding[J]. Transformer,2024,61 (1):5-8.

钱国超,胡锦,代维菊,等.基于循环神经网络的运行变压器绕组压紧状态检测[J].智慧电力,2024,52(8):129-136.

Qian Guochao,Hu Jin,Dai Weiju,et al.Clamping state detection of transformer windings based on recurrent neural networks[J]. Smart Power,2024,52(8):129-136.

尹琦琳,宋媛,王帅,等.基于绝缘油色谱试验的110 kV变压器异常状态分析[J].变压器,2024,61(5):71-74.

Yin Qilin,Song Yuan,Wang Shuai,et al. Analysis of abnormal state of 110 kV transformer based on insulation oil chromatography test[J]. Transformer,2024,61(5):71-74.

连鸿松,黄锦,郑东升,等.绝缘油中溶解气体在线监测装置可靠性评测的现场加速试验方法及平台[J].变压器,2025,62 (5):53-58.

Lian Hongsong,Huang Jin,Zheng Dongsheng,et al. Accelerated testing method and platform for reliability of online monitoring device used to gases dissolved in insulation oil[J]. Transformer, 2025,62(5):53-58.

Beroual A,Sitorus H B H,Setiabudy R,et al. Comparative study of AC and DC breakdown voltages in jatropha methyl ester oil, mineral oil, and their mixtures[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2018,25(5):1831-1836.

侯赛,成润坤,刘达.基于二次采样和集成学习方法的变压器故障预测[J].智慧电力,2024,52(7):40-47.

Hou Sai,Cheng Runkun,Liu Da.Transformer fault forecast based on resampling and integrated learning approach[J]. Smart Power, 2024,52(7):40-47.

郑玉周,杜金龙,武永强,等.基于改进热路模型和PINN的变压器直流偏磁温升预测及绝缘寿命评估[J].电力电容器与无功补偿,2026,47(2):107-117. Zheng Yuzhou,Du Jinlong,Wu Yongqiang,et al. Prediction of DCbias temperature rise in transformer and insulation life assessment based on an improved thermal circuit model andPINN[J]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation,2026,47(2):107-117.

陈建,张亚杰,黄宝新,等.天然酯绝缘油与矿物绝缘油变压器试验数据对比分析[J].变压器,2024,61(6):56-61.

Chen Jian,Zhang Yajie,Huang Baoxin,et al. Comparison and analysis of test data of transformer with natural ester oil and mineral oil[J]. Transformer,2024,61(6):56-61.

Liao Ruijin,Feng Dawei,Hao Jian,et al. Thermal and electrical properties of a novel 3-element mixed insulation oil for power transformers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2019,26(2):610-617.

Hao Jian,Ye Wenyu,Zhang Jingwen,et al. Preparation and performance characterization of multi-component mixed insulating oil for transformers based on the structure-activity relationship between molecular structure and impulse discharge performance[J]. Energy, 2025(319):135023.

DL/T 722—2014变压器油中溶解气体分析和判断导则[S].

DL/T 722—2014 Guidelines for analysis and judgment of dissolved gases in transformer oil[S].

李跃,刘安茳,窦陈,等.基于低压侧多级调压的融冰变压器磁—热耦合计算分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2026,54(10):36-46. Li Yue,Liu Anjiang,Dou Chen,et al. Magnetic-thermal coupling analysis of deicing transformers based on low-voltage side multistage voltage regulation[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2026,54(10):36-46.

周远翔,张云霄,张灵,等.雷电冲击电压下变压器油中颗粒杂质对击穿特性影响的研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(14):105-111.

Zhou Yuanxiang,Zhang Yunxiao,Zhang Ling,et al. Study on influence of particle impurities on breakdown characteristics of transformer oil under lightning impulse voltage[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(14):105-111.

于会民,张培恒,王会娟,等.不同组成变压器油及油纸绝缘体系受雷电冲击后油中溶解气体变化[J].绝缘材料,2020,53 (10):89-95.

Yu Huimin,Zhang Peiheng,Wang Huijuan,et al. Change of dissolved gas content in transformer oil of oil or oil - paper insulation system with different composition after lightning impulse[J]. Insulating Materials,2020,53(10):89-95.

廖瑞金,杨丽君,孙才新,等.雷电冲击电压作用下变压器油的击穿特性及介电响应研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(16):113-119.

Liao Ruijin,Yang Lijun,Sun Caixin,et al. Study on breakdown characteristics and dielectric response of transformer oil under lightning impulse voltage[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30 (16):113-119.

陈鑫,郝建,冯大伟,等.三元混合式绝缘油和矿物油的雷电冲击击穿及产气特性对比分析研究[J].电工技术学报, 2020,35(4):906-918.

Chen Xin,Hao Jian,Feng Dawei,et al. Comparative study on lightning impulse breakdown and gas production characteristics of threeelement mixed insulation oil and mineral oil[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2020,35(4):906-918.

丁喆,吴嘉磊,张宇,等. 220 kV升压站母线加装串抗后的雷电及操作过电压计算[J].电力电容器与无功补偿,2026,47 (2):90-97. Ding Zhe,Wu Jialei,Zhang Yu,et al. Lightning and switching overvoltages for 220 kV booster substation busbar after installation of series reactors[J]. Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation,2026,47(2):90-97.

邓祥力,沈宇卿,曾平,等.基于生成对抗网络小样本扩展与多模态特征深度融合的变压器绕组故障诊断方法[J].电力系统保护与控制,2026,54(9):89-101. Deng Xiangli,Shen Yuqing,Zeng Ping,et al. Transformer winding fault diagnosis method based on small sample extension of generative adversarial network and deep multimodal feature fusion [J]. Power System Protection and Control，2026，54（9）：89-101.

齐伟惟,卢武,王哲铭,等.强场条件下酯基绝缘油产气规律和机制的分子动力学仿真[J].绝缘材料,2025,58(8):57-66.

Qi Weiwei,Lu Wu,Wang Zheming,et al. Molecular dynamics simulation of gas production law and mechanisms of ester-based insulating oil under strong electric field conditions[J]. Insulating Materials,2025,58(8):57-66.

Zheng Hanbo,Wang Zijian,Yang Tao,et al. Investigation on pyrolysis mechanism of palm olein and the effect of moisture on its pyrolysis[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids,2021(339):116824.

Van Duin A C T,Dasgupta S,Lorant F,et al. ReaxFF:a reactive force field for hydrocarbons[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A,2001,105(41):9396-9409.

Chenoweth K,Cheung S,Van Duin A C T,et al. Simulations on the thermal decomposition of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) polymer using the ReaxFF reactive force field[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society,2005,127(19):7192-7202.

He Jiaxuan,Zhang Enze,Zhang Heng. Comparative analysis of methanol generation mechanism in different oil-cellulose insulation based on ReaxFF MD[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids,2023 (382):121872.

王宾,陈冉,才志远,等.晶闸管控制串并联中压配电变压器暂态建模及解析分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2026,54(5):155-163. Wang Bin,Chen Ran,Cai Zhiyuan,et al. Transient modeling and analytical study of a thyristor-controlled series-parallel mediumvoltage distribution transformer[J]. Power System Protection and Control,2026,54(5):155-163.

叶文郁,郝建,刘广良,等.长油隙下多元混合绝缘油的雷电冲击放电特性[J].高电压技术,2026,52(5):2271-2281. Ye Wenyu,Hao Jian,Liu Guangliang,et al. Lightning impulse discharge characteristics of multi-component mixed insulating oil under long oil gaps[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2026,52(5):2271-2281.

陈贝贝,李晓涵,刘金凤,等.电热联合故障下天然气合成油分解特性[J].电力工程技术,2025,44(5):168-175.

Chen Beibei,Li Xiaohan,Liu Jinfeng,et al. The decomposition characteristics of gas to liquid insulating oil under electric-thermal fault conditions[J]. Electric Power Engineering Technology,2025, 44(5):168-175.

汪倩,赵婉萌,曹伟东,等.基于ReaxFF的产气材料热解及动力学分析[J].电工技术学报,2025,40(10):3082-3096.

Wang Qian,Zhao Wanmeng,Cao Weidong,et al. Analyzing the pyrolysis kinetics and pyrolysis gases of gassing materials using ReaxFF[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2025, 40(10):3082-3096.

浏览量

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

新型SF6替代气体全氟甲基乙烯基醚的绝缘性能研究

干燥空气绝缘开关柜中应用的固封极柱绝缘结构设计及优化

冲击电压发生器雷电波的负载特性及其波形分析和改善

基于L-M法的BP神经网络在电抗器雷电冲击波形调整中的应用

特高压设备雷电冲击电压试验波形参数及过冲限值讨论