基于频域特征分析的电容器塔抗鸟害保护策略改进研究

邹洪森; 樊润奇; 郝治国; 刘若鹏; 杨晨; 谌卓; 王挺

doi:10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.09.015

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基于频域特征分析的电容器塔抗鸟害保护策略改进研究

电力设备故障识别、预测与保护技术 | 更新时间：2026-09-10

- 基于频域特征分析的电容器塔抗鸟害保护策略改进研究
- Research on Improvement of Anti-bird Damage Protection Strategies for Capacitor Towers Based on Frequency-domain Feature Analysis
- 高压电器 2026年62卷第9期页码：139-149
- 作者机构：
  
  国网宁夏电力有限公司超高压公司，银川 750001
  西安交通大学，西安 710049
- 作者简介：
  
  邹洪森（1982—），男，硕士，副高级工程师，研究方向为输变电设备运维。
  樊润奇（2002—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为主设备保护。
  郝治国（1976—），男，博士，教授，研究方向为新型电力系统保护与控制（通信作者）（E-mail：zhghao@xjtu.edu.cn）。
  刘若鹏（1992—），男，本科，工程师，研究方向为输变电设备运维。
  杨晨（1991—），男，本科，副高级工程师，研究方向为输变电设备运维。
  谌卓（2003—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为主设备保护。
  王挺（1987—），男，博士，副教授，研究方向为直流配电网的保护与控制。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划资助项目。National Key Research and Development Program of China.(2024YFC3015100);国网宁夏电力有限公司超高压公司科技项目;Science and Technology Project of State Grid Ningxia Electric Power Co., Ltd. Ultra High Voltage Company(5229CG240008)
- DOI：10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.09.015
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2026-04-21，
  
  修回：2026-06-08，
  
  纸质出版：2026-09-16
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
邹洪森, 樊润奇, 郝治国, 等. 基于频域特征分析的电容器塔抗鸟害保护策略改进研究[J]. 高压电器, 2026,62(9):139-149.

ZOU Hongsen, FAN Runqi, HAO Zhiguo, et al. Research on Improvement of Anti-bird Damage Protection Strategies for Capacitor Towers Based on Frequency-domain Feature Analysis[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(9): 139-149.
邹洪森, 樊润奇, 郝治国, 等. 基于频域特征分析的电容器塔抗鸟害保护策略改进研究[J]. 高压电器, 2026,62(9):139-149. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.09.015.

ZOU Hongsen, FAN Runqi, HAO Zhiguo, et al. Research on Improvement of Anti-bird Damage Protection Strategies for Capacitor Towers Based on Frequency-domain Feature Analysis[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(9): 139-149. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.09.015.

摘要

针对高压直流输电系统中换流站滤波电容器塔不平衡保护易受鸟害影响，以及传统物理驱鸟手段长期有效性不足的问题，开展鸟害故障机理与识别方法研究，以提升保护系统在复杂环境下的运行可靠性。分析了电容器塔内部故障与鸟害瞬时故障的产生机理差异，并基于故障波形特征进行频域分析，提取了能够有效区分两类故障的关键频域指标。构建了与实际运行工况相符的电容器电磁仿真模型，揭示了故障过程中电容器单元的过载特性与耐受边界。在此基础上，提出了一种针对性的不平衡保护改进策略，通过改进故障判别算法与跳闸延时逻辑，弥补了现有保护在躲避鸟害瞬时过程方面的不足。仿真与测试结果表明，该策略在保持对内部故障快速响应的同时，能够显著抑制由鸟类活动引起的保护误动作。该研究为换流站电容器塔不平衡保护在复杂环境下的可靠运行提供了改进思路与方法基础。

Abstract

In view of the issues that the unbalanced protection of filter capacitor towers in converter stations of highvoltage direct current(HVDC)transmission systems is susceptible to bird-related disturbance

and that traditional physical bird-deterrent measures lack long-term effectiveness

in this paper the fault mechanism and identification methods of bird-related disturbance are investigated so as to enhance the operational reliability of protection system under complex environmental conditions. The differences in the generation echanism between internal faults within the capacitor towers and transient bird-related faults are analyzed. Based on frequency-domain analysis of fault waveform characteristics

key frequency-domain indicators that can effectively distinguish between the two types of faults are extracted. An electromagnetic simulation model of the capacitor tower that is consistent with actual operating conditions is established

revealing the overload characteritics and withstand limits of capacitor units durign fault process. On this basis

a targeted improvement strategy for unbalanced protection is proposed. The deficiency of the existing protection in riding through transient bird-related disturbance process is addressed by refining the fault discrimination algorithm and the trip delay logic. Both simulation and test results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can significantly suppress protection maloperations caused by bird activities while maintaining a rapid response to internal faults. This research offers both conceptual guidance and a technical basis for enhancing the reliable performance of unbalanced protection for converter station capacitor towers in complex operating environments.

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