面向山火风险的林区配电线路树线故障研究综述

张亮; 贾娟; 黄程; 夏明; 徐庚琛; 廖林西; 唐茂平; 阳弘毅; 张华; 林牧; 熊嘉宇

doi:10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.09.016

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面向山火风险的林区配电线路树线故障研究综述

电力设备故障识别、预测与保护技术 | 更新时间：2026-09-10

- 面向山火风险的林区配电线路树线故障研究综述
- Review of Research on Tree-line Faults in Forest Distribution Lines Under Wildfire Risks
- 高压电器 2026年62卷第9期页码：150-166
- 作者机构：
  
  西南石油大学丝路清洁能源转化与利用研究中心，成都 610500
  西南石油大学电气信息学院，成都 610500
  四川省森林和草原防火监测中心，成都 610081
  国网四川省电力公司电力科学研究院，成都 610041
- 作者简介：
  
  张亮（1988—），男，博士，副教授，研究方向为电气设备在线监测与状态评估（通信作者）（E-mail：liangzhangswpu@gmail.com）。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家重点研发计划项目;the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2025YFE0212900);四川省科技计划（穿越林区的35 kV及以下配电线路森林火灾风险精准识别研究）;Sichuan Science and Technology Program (Research on Precise Identification of Forest Fire Risks for Distribution Lines of 35 kV and Below Crossing Forest Areas)
- DOI：10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.09.016
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2026-03-17，
  
  修回：2026-05-16，
  
  纸质出版：2026-09-16
- 稿件说明：
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张亮, 贾娟, 黄程, 等. 面向山火风险的林区配电线路树线故障研究综述[J]. 高压电器, 2026,62(9):150-166.

ZHANG Liang, JIA Juan, HUANG Cheng, et al. Review of Research on Tree-line Faults in Forest Distribution Lines Under Wildfire Risks[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(9): 150-166.
张亮, 贾娟, 黄程, 等. 面向山火风险的林区配电线路树线故障研究综述[J]. 高压电器, 2026,62(9):150-166. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.09.016.

ZHANG Liang, JIA Juan, HUANG Cheng, et al. Review of Research on Tree-line Faults in Forest Distribution Lines Under Wildfire Risks[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(9): 150-166. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.09.016.

摘要

由于全球气候变化，高温、低湿叠加极端天气，山火发生风险和过火面积都成倍增加，近年来频发的山火已成为全球性的重大灾害，在人员伤亡、财产损失、生态环境、社会治理等多个层面造成深远影响。统计表明配电线路故障已成为引发山火的重要致因，且破坏性强、造成的损失最大。为明晰林区配电线路树线故障致灾过程、支撑山火风险防控，文中针对面向山火风险的林区配电线路树线故障进行综述，从树线故障演化机理、检测识别、风险预测、引发山火4个层面展开。首先剖析林区配电线路树线故障机理，揭示树线故障演化依次经历接触导通、炭化燃弧、引燃成灾3个阶段，是由热—电—化学耦合作用驱动的渐进致灾过程；其次在机理研究基础上，分析电气波形、局部放电、磁场及多模态融合4类树线故障检测技术；进而梳理统计模型、数据驱动模型及数据受限场景预测方法的差异化应用特性；最后综合多类影响因素开展故障引发山火风险的评估，并总结展望相应防范措施。未来利用卫星遥感、无人机巡检、三维激光点云扫描等科技手段，监测融合气象、植被、线路、地形等多源火险因子，动态、定量、精细评估山火风险，并进行时空风险预测推演，是科技赋能救灾、减灾、防灾的重要方向。

Abstract

Due to global climate change

the superposition of high temperature

low humidity and extreme weather conditions has led to a manifold increase in both the risk of wildfires and the area burned. In recent years

the frequent occurrence of wildfires has become a major global disaster

exerting far-reaching impacts across multiple dimensions

including casualties

property losses

ecological environments and social governance. Statistical data indicate that faults in distribution lines have emerged as a critical trigger for wildfires

exhibiting severe destructive potential and accounting for the most substantial damages. To clarify the disaster-inducing process of tree-line faults in forest distribution lines and to support wildfire risk prevention and control

in this paper a comprehensive review of tree-line faults in forest distribution lines is presented from the perspective of such four key aspects as evolutionary mechanism of tree-line faults

fault detection and identification

risk prediction

and wildfire ignition. First

the formation mechanism of tree-line faults in forest distribution lines is analyzed

revealing that such faults sequentially undergoes such three stages as contact conduction

carbonization arcing and fire ignition-induced disaster.This is a progressive hazard process driven by thermo-electrical-chemical coupling effects. Then

based on the research of above mechanism

such four categories of tree-line fault detection technologies as electrical waveform detection

partial discharge monitoring

magnetic field sensing and multi-modal fusion detection are analyzed. After that

the differentiated application characteristics of statistical models

data-driven models and forecasting algorithms for datascarce scenarios are systematically summarized. Finally

an assessment of the widlfire risk caused by such faults is conducted by integrating multiple categories of influencing factors

and corresponding preventive measures are summarized and prospected. In the future

leveraging technological means such as satellite remote sensing

unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)patrol inspection and 3D laser LiDAR scanning are used to monitor and integrate multi-source fire hazard factors

including meteorologys

vegetation

power line status and terrain

enable dynamic

quantitative and refined wildfire risk assessment of wildfire risks

as well as spatiotemporal risk deduction and simulation

representing a critical technical direction for technology-empowered disaster relief

migigation and prevention.

关键词

Keywords

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