基于光声麦克风的GIS典型绝缘缺陷声发射特征研究

肖焓艳; 赵科; 李洪涛; 庄添鑫; 尹泽; 高山

doi:10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.10.004

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基于光声麦克风的GIS典型绝缘缺陷声发射特征研究

研究与分析 | 更新时间：2026-10-14

- 基于光声麦克风的GIS典型绝缘缺陷声发射特征研究
- Research on Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Typical Insulation Defects in GIS Based on Photoacoustic Microphone
- 高压电器 2026年62卷第10期页码：32-40
- 作者机构：
  
  国网江苏省电力有限公司电力科学研究院，南京 211103
- 作者简介：
  
  肖焓艳（1992—），女，博士，高级工程师，研究方向为开关设备状态检测与评价技术（通信作者）（E-mail：15950559834@163.com）。
  赵科（1985—），男，硕士，高级工程师，研究方向为开关设备状态检测与评价技术（E-mail：15105168884@163.com）。
  李洪涛（1987—），男，博士，高级工程师，研究方向为开关设备状态检测与评价技术（E-mail：5pro@163.com）。
  庄添鑫（1995—），男，硕士，工程师，研究方向为开关设备状态检测与评价技术（E-mail：1024060195@qq.com）。
  尹泽（1993—），男，博士，工程师，研究方向为开关设备状态检测与评价技术（E-mail：sdkyinze@163.com）。
  高山（1971—），男，硕士，教授级高级工程师，研究方向为开关设备状态检测与评价技术（E-mail：jsepcgs@aliyun.com）。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家电网有限公司科技项目资助(5500-202318169A-1-1-ZN)
- DOI：10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.10.004
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2026-04-16，
  
  修回：2026-06-12，
  
  纸质出版：2026-10-16
- 稿件说明：
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肖焓艳, 赵科, 李洪涛, 等. 基于光声麦克风的GIS典型绝缘缺陷声发射特征研究[J]. 高压电器, 2026,62(10):32-40.

XIAO Hanyan, ZHAO Ke, LI Hongtao, et al. Research on Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Typical Insulation Defects in GIS Based on Photoacoustic Microphone[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(10): 32-40.
肖焓艳, 赵科, 李洪涛, 等. 基于光声麦克风的GIS典型绝缘缺陷声发射特征研究[J]. 高压电器, 2026,62(10):32-40. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.10.004.

XIAO Hanyan, ZHAO Ke, LI Hongtao, et al. Research on Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Typical Insulation Defects in GIS Based on Photoacoustic Microphone[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(10): 32-40. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.10.004.

摘要

气体绝缘开关设备（gas insulated switchgear，GIS）中的各类绝缘缺陷是导致GIS绝缘劣化和故障的关键诱因。传统超声检测法受限于压电传感器响应频带及GIS外壳谐振特性，无法准确获取宽频带分布的局部放电信号，影响检测有效性。因此文中采用内置式宽频光声麦克风技术，获取金属尖刺、自由微粒、悬浮电位和环氧内部气隙等4种典型缺陷的宽频声发射特征。结果表明金属尖刺和自由微粒缺陷声信号呈簇状，持续时间较长且峰值频率较低，而悬浮电位和环氧内部气隙缺陷声信号呈脉冲状，持续时间短且峰值频率更高；绝缘缺陷声信号的峰值频率、幅值等与缺陷尺寸呈强相关关系，且采用等效时间和等效频率法能对4种缺陷声信号进行有效区分，为GIS/GIL绝缘缺陷的检测与诊断提供参考。

Abstract

Various insulation defects in gas insulated switchgear(GIS)are the primary cause of insulation performance deterioration and safety accidents. The conventional ultrasonic testing method

due to the limit of the response frequency band of the piezoelectric sensors and the resonance feature of the GIS enclosure

has no way to obtain accurately the broadband partial discharge signals

thereby affecting the detection effectiveness. In this paper

a built-in broadband photoacoustic microphone technology is employed to acquire the broadband acoustic emission signatures of such four typical defects as metal protrusions

free particles

floating potential

and internal air gaps in epoxy insulation. The results show that acoustic signals generated by metal tip defect and free particle defect are clustershaped

with a longer duration and a lower peak frequency

while that of floating potential defect and internal air gap in epoxy insulation is pulse-shaped

with a short duration and a higher peak frequency. The peak frequency and amplitude of insulation defect acoustic signals are strongly correlated with defect size. The use of equivalent time and equivalent frequency method can distinguish the four types of defect sound signals effectively. The research results can provide reference for the detection and diagnosis of GIS/GIL insulation defects.

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references

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