10 kV整只避雷器冲击老化特性研究
Research on the Impulse Aging Characteristics of a Complete 10 kV Arrester
- 高压电器 2026年62卷第4期 页码：89-97
- 作者机构：
长沙理工大学电网防灾减灾全国重点实验室，长沙 410129
国网湖南省电力有限公司防灾减灾中心，长沙 410129
西安交通大学电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室，西安 710049
- 作者简介：
王博闻（1989—），男，博士研究生，高级工程师，主要从事高电压技术、电网防灾减灾、高性能非线性电阻及避雷器等研究（通信作者）（E-mail：764819403@qq.com）。
- 基金信息：国家自然科学基金资助项目。Project Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.(U23B2080)
DOI：10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.04.010
中图分类号：收稿：2025-09-16，
修回：2025-12-05，
纸质出版：2026-04-16
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
王博闻, 陆佳政, 林天煜, 等. 10 kV整只避雷器冲击老化特性研究[J]. 高压电器, 2026,62(4):89-97.
WANG Bowen, LU Jiazheng, LIN Tianyu, et al. Research on the Impulse Aging Characteristics of a Complete 10 kV Arrester[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(4): 89-97.
王博闻, 陆佳政, 林天煜, 等. 10 kV整只避雷器冲击老化特性研究[J]. 高压电器, 2026,62(4):89-97. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.04.010.
WANG Bowen, LU Jiazheng, LIN Tianyu, et al. Research on the Impulse Aging Characteristics of a Complete 10 kV Arrester[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(4): 89-97. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.04.010.
摘要
金属氧化物避雷器由于优异的非线性特性在输电线路雷击防护方面得到了充分的应用，但雷击电流过大时，避雷器常常由于冲击老化出现故障，甚至炸裂，严重影响电网运行安全。文中基于搭建的冲击大电流试验平台，测试不同电流幅值下整只避雷器的耐受冲击次数以及在冲击老化过程中直流1 mA下的参考电压（
U
1mA
）和阻性电流
I
L
的变化规律，表明避雷器的冲击寿命具有临界性并通过电子扫描显微镜（SEM）以及光电子能谱（XPS）的微观表征对其进行机理解释。同时通过基于随机Voronoi网络的电阻片热—力有限元仿真分析以及电阻片釉层加热试验对避雷器在冲击老化过程中的失效形式进行分析：电阻片晶粒出现局部熔融后电阻片温升剧烈上升，由于局部过热使得釉层融化，导致沿面闪络；同时，电阻片局部融化后，电流与热量的集中导致应力远大于电阻片的极限值，从而出现炸裂。最终提出了一种新的线路避雷器损坏预测方法：通过基于雷电流幅值的经验公式对冲击寿命进行预测，通过雷电流幅值概率建立雷击次数与落雷密度的关系，从而得到避雷器损坏率与落雷密度的经验公式。
Abstract
Metal oxide surge arrester is widely used in lightning protection for transmission lines due to its excellient nonlinear characteristics. However
in case of excessively high lightning current
the arrester often fails due to impulse aging
or even rupture
severely impacting the operational safety of power grids. In this paper
based on the constructed imulse high current test platform
in this paper the number of withstanding impulse of the a complete attester under different current
amplitudes
as well as the variation of the reference voltage(
U
1mA
)under DC 1 mA and the resistive current JL during the impulse aging process are tested
indicating that the impulse life of the arrester has a critical nature
and the mechanism is explained through microscopic charcaterization using scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). At the same time
through the stochastic Voronoi network based resistor diss heat-force finite element simulation analysis and resistor disc glaze layer heating test on the lightning arrester in the impact aging process of the failure of the form of analysis
it is concluded that after localized melting occurs in the resistor disc grains
the temperature rise of the resistor disc becomes severe.This localized overheating causes the melting of the glaze layer
leading to surface falshover. At the same time
the concentration of current and heat after the localized melting of the resistor disc results in stresses far greater than the limit value of the resistor disc
thus causing cracking. Finally
a new damage prediction method for line arrester is proposed.The impulse life is predicted by the empirical formula based on the lightning current amplitude
and the relationship between the num ber of lightning strikes and the density of falling lightning is set up by the probability of lightning current amplitude
thus obtaining the empirical formula of the damage rate of the arrester and the density of falling lightning.
关键词
Keywords
references
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