雷击燃弧瞬态过程中真空阳极触头烧蚀分析及优化

丁璨; 王广凯; 李红兵; 师玉东; 袁召

doi:10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.05.005

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

雷击燃弧瞬态过程中真空阳极触头烧蚀分析及优化

研究与分析 | 更新时间：2026-05-13

- 雷击燃弧瞬态过程中真空阳极触头烧蚀分析及优化
- Analysis and Optimization of Vacuum Anode Contact Ablation During Lightning Arc Transient Process
- 高压电器 2026年62卷第5期页码：42-53
- 作者机构：
  
  三峡大学电气与新能源学院，湖北宜昌 443002
  国网湖北省电力有限公司，武汉 430048
  华中科技大学电气与电子工程学院，武汉 430074
- 作者简介：
  
  丁璨（1982—），男，博士，讲师，主要从事高压开关电器的实验、仿真及理论计算（E-mail：dingcan@ctgu. edu. cn）。
  王广凯（2001—），男，硕士研究生，主要从事高压开关电器烧蚀和磨损的仿真和理论计算（通信作者）（E-mail：wangguangkai@ctgu. edu. cn）。
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金;National Natural Science Foundation of China(52177143)
- DOI：10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.05.005
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2025-12-06，
  
  修回：2026-02-11，
  
  纸质出版：2026-05-16
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
丁璨, 王广凯, 李红兵, 等. 雷击燃弧瞬态过程中真空阳极触头烧蚀分析及优化[J]. 高压电器, 2026,62(5):42-53.

DING Can, WANG Guangkai, LI Hongbing, et al. Analysis and Optimization of Vacuum Anode Contact Ablation During Lightning Arc Transient Process[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(5): 42-53.
丁璨, 王广凯, 李红兵, 等. 雷击燃弧瞬态过程中真空阳极触头烧蚀分析及优化[J]. 高压电器, 2026,62(5):42-53. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.05.005.

DING Can, WANG Guangkai, LI Hongbing, et al. Analysis and Optimization of Vacuum Anode Contact Ablation During Lightning Arc Transient Process[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(5): 42-53. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.05.005.

摘要

灭弧室作为真空断路器的核心部件，其抗电弧烧蚀特性决定着断路器的开断性能与寿命。为此文中构建了一种考虑阳极熔池流动的雷击燃弧触头烧蚀模型，以不同电流强度作为输入条件来模拟燃弧瞬态过程，总结了电流大小在雷击燃弧瞬态过程中对阳极烧蚀的影响规律，深入剖析不同电流强度对阳极热过程产生的影响。随后在此模型的基础上设计了中心复合实验，并提出了基于神经网络与NSGA-II算法相结合的触头材料成分优化方法确定铜基多元触头材料的最优成分，最终确定触头材料质量分数的最优质量比为Cu为77.13%，Cr为5.86%，W为10.69%，Ag为5.93%，Graphene为0.39%，优化前后质量损失和烧蚀轴向速度分别降低50.2%和41.3%，最高温度降低5.63%。该研究为真空灭弧室新型触头材料开发提供理论依据和技术支持。

Abstract

As the core component of vacuum circuit breakers

the arc resistance and ablation characteristics of the arc extinguishing chamber determine the breaking performance and service life of the circuit breaker. Therefore

in this paper

a lightning arc contact ablation model considering the flow of the anode molten pool is constructed. Different current intensities are used as input conditions to simulate the transient process of arc burning. The influence law of current size on anode ablation in the transient process of lightning arc burning is summarized

and the influence of different current intensities on the anode thermal process is deeply analyzed. Subsequently

a central composite experiment is designed based on this model

and a contact material composition optimization method based on the combination of neural network and NSGA-II algorithm is proposed to determine the optimal composition of copper-based multi-component contact materials. Finally

the optimal mass ratio of contact material content was determined as Cu 77.13%

Cr 5.86%

W 10.69%

Ag 5.93%

Graphene 0.39%. Before and after optimization

the mass loss and axial ablation velocity decreased by 50.2% and 41.3% respectively

and the maximum temperature decreased by 5.63%. This research provides theoretical basis and technical support for the development of new contact materials for vacuum arc extinguishing chambers.

关键词

Keywords

references

王立德,李晓武,王青,等.一起220 kV断路器提升杆故障分析[J].大众用电,2022,37(11):50.

WANG Lide,LI Xiaowu,WANG Qing,et al. Fault analysis of 220 kV circuit breaker lifting rod[J]. Popular Utilization of Electricity,2022,37(11):50.

张译心,狄晨烨,赵男,等.面向复合极端天气的高新能源渗透率电网风险评估技术[J].电力建设,2024,45(10):34-46.

ZHANG Yixin,DI Chenye,ZHAO Nan,et al. Risk assessment techniques for grids with high penetration of new energy under extreme weather conditions[J]. Electric Power Construction,2024, 45(10):34-46.

朱清,阮睿,朱卫卫,等.计及经济性的高比例新能源区域电网的不同储能类型的容量配置对比分析方法[J].供用电, 2024,41(2):12-20.

ZHU Qing,RUAN Rui,ZHU Weiwei,et al.Comparative analysis methods of capacity allocation for different energy storage types in high proportion renewable energy regional grid considering economic viability[J]. Distribution & Utilization,2024,41(2):12-20.

董华军,孔一涵,董恩源,等.基于图像序列的真空开关分闸速度检测[J].高电压技术,2014,40(8):2314-2320.

DONG Huajun,KONG Yihan,DONG Enyuan,et al. Breaking speed detection of vacuum switch based on sequence images[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(8):2314-2320.

董华军,马丽婷,李杰,等.基于图像处理技术的真空开关分闸速度检测[J].高电压技术,2020,46(7):2539-2544.

DONG Huajun,MA Liting,LI Jie,et al. Opening speed detection of vacuum switch based on image processing technology[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2020,46(7):2539-2544.

程显,田小倩,葛国伟,等.环保型罐式多断口真空断路器电场分析与优化[J].高电压技术,2021,47(9):3200-3207.

CHENG Xian,TIAN Xiaoqian,GE Guowei,et al. Electric field analysis and optimization of 126 kV environmental protection gas insulated tank circuit breakers[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2021,47(9):3200-3207.

丁璨,李江,袁召,等.基于NSGA-II和BP神经网络的杯状纵磁触头结构优化设计[J].电工技术学报,2022,37(23):6074-6082.

DING Can,LI Jiang,YUAN Zhao,et al. Structural optimization design of cup-shaped longitudinal magnetic contact based on NSGA-Ⅱand BP neural network[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2022,37(23):6074-6082.

邹积岩,梁德世,黄翀阳,等. 110 kV直流真空断路器模块串联开断的同步控制[J].高电压技术,2020,46(8):2627-2634.

ZOU Jiyan, LIANG Deshi, HUANG Chongyang, et al. Synchronous control of module series connection interruption in 110 kV DC vacuum circuit breaker[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2020,46(8):2627-2634.

王丹,王立军,王智炜,等.金属蒸气作用下弧后等离子体扩散过程的二维粒子模拟[J].中国电机工程学报,2021,41(15):5391-5400.

WANG Dan,WANG Lijun,WANG Zhiwei,et al. Two -dimensional particle simulation of the post-arc plasma decay process in metal vapor[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2021,41(15):5391-5400.

赵康,漆苗.大数据在电力系统继电保护中的应用与挑战[J].电子元器件与信息技术,2024,8(6):104-106.

ZHAO Kang,QI Miao. The application and challenges of big data in relay protection of power systems[J]. Electronic Component and Information Technology,2024,8(6):104-106.

门涛,张伟,梁祯,等.卫星地面测控站的防雷技术[J].空间电子技术,2010,7(2):115-118.

MEN Tao,ZHANG Wei,LIANG Zhen,et al. Lighting protection technology of satellite ground station[J]. Space Electronic Technology,2010,7(2):115-118.

陈维江,陈家宏,谷山强,等.中国电网雷电监测与防护亟待研究的关键技术[J].高电压技术,2008,34(10):2009-2015.

CHEN Weijiang,CHEN Jiahong,GU Shanqiang,et al. Key technologies of lightning detection and protection in China power grid[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2008,34(10):2009-2015.

陈家宏,赵淳,谷山强,等.我国电网雷电监测与防护技术现状及发展趋势[J].高电压技术,2016,42(11):3361-3375.

CHEN Jiahong,ZHAO Chun,GU Shanqiang,et al. Present status and development trend of lightning detection and protection technology of power grid in China[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2016,42(11):3361-3375.

李蕊,李跃,苏剑,等.配电网重要电力用户停电损失及应急策略[J].电网技术,2011,35(10):170-176.

LI Rui,LI Yue,SU Jian,et al. Power supply interruption cost of important power consumers in distribution network and its emergency management[J]. Power System Technology,2011,35 (10):170-176.

贾德刚. 110 kV变电站的电气设计与防雷保护分析[J]. 工程建设与设计,2022,(14):42-44.

JIA Degang. Electrical design and lightning protection analysis of 110 kV substation[J]. Construction & Design for Engineering, 2022,(14):42-44.

蔡志峰.电力系统中电气主设备继电保护技术刍议[J].中国新通信,2021,23(13):153-154.

CAI Zhifeng. A discussion on relay protection technology for main electrical equipment in power systems[J]. China New Telecommunications,2021,23(13):153-154.

蔡志峰.电力系统中电气主设备继电保护技术研究[J].光源与照明,2021(6):81-82.

CAI Zhifeng. Research on relay protection technology of main electrical equipment in power system[J]. Lamps and Lighting,2021 (6):81-82.

冯海文,刘晓明,李龙女,等.电器电场有限元精细求解器研究[J].电工技术学报,2018,33(24):5789-5796.

FENG Haiwen,LIU Xiaoming,LI Longnü,et al. Finite element method algorithm with precise solver for electric apparatus electric field[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2018,33 (24):5789-5796.

刘晓明,韩颖,王尔智,等.基于多物理场耦合的高压SF 6 断路器混沌电弧模型[J ] .电工技术学报,2013,28(1):165-172.

LIU Xiaoming,HAN Ying,WANG Erzhi,et al. Chaos of arc model for SF 6 circuit breaker based on coupled multiple-physical field simulation[J ] . Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2013,28(1):165-172.

孙巍,于琪,刘洋,等. 12 kV真空灭弧室内部电场数值计算与分析[J].黑龙江电力,2014,36(3):214-218.

SUN Wei,YU Qi,LIU Yang,et al. Numerical calculation and analysis of internal electric field of 12 kV vacuum interrupter[J]. Heilongjiang Electric Power,2014,36(3):214-218.

杨焰.新时期分布式电源的配电网规划与优化运行[J].电工技术,2023(s1):259-261.

YANG Yan. Distribution network planning and optimal operation of distributed power sources in the new era[J]. Electric Engineering,2023(s1):259-261.

BOXMAN R L. Handbook of vacuum arc science and technology:Fundamentals and applications[J]. Geochimicaet Cosmochimica Acta,1995.

BEILIS I I,KEIDAR M,BOXMAN R L,et al. Theoretical study of plasma expansion in a magnetic field in a disk anode vacuum arc[J]. Journal of Applied Physics,1998,83(2):709-717.

LANGLOIS Y,CHAPELLE P,JARDY A,et al. On the numerical simulation of the diffuse arc in a vacuum interrupter[J]. Journal of Applied Physics,2011,109(11):2338-2345.

WANG Lijun,JIA Shenli. Modelling and simulation of anode activity in high-current vacuum arc[J]. Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2009,42(14):145203-145203.

KEIDAR M,SCHULMAN M B. On the effect of an axial magnetic field on the high-current vacuum arc[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2000,28(1):347-350.

KEIDAR M,BEILIS I,BOXMAN R L,et al. 2D expansion of the low-density interelectrode vacuum arc plasma jet in an axial magnetic field[J]. Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,1996,29 (7):1973-1983.

SHMELEV D L,ORESHKIN V I,UIMANOV I V. Hybrid numerical simulation of high-current vaccum arc taking into account secondary plasma generation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2019,47(8):3478-3483.

严天宇,曹云东,付思.触头旋转情况下真空电弧对阳极烧蚀的影响[J].电器与能效管理技术,2021(5):1-4.

YAN Tianyu,CAO Yundong,FU Si. Influence of vacuum arc on anode ablation with rotating contact[J]. Electrical & Energy Management Technology,2021(5):1-4.

吕云龙.多重雷电冲击下断路器介质恢复特性与结构优化[D].北京:北京交通大学,2022.

LYU Yunlong. Dielectric recovery characteristics and structure optimization of circuit breaker under multiple lightning impulse[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2022.

DING Can,SHI Yudong,LIU Jiayu,et al. Structural optimization design of vacuum interrupter based on transient electric field distribution[J]. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering,2025,20(6):841-852.

姜雨孜,修士新,林杏宇,等.横磁触头间弧根运动及阳极动态行为研究[J].高电压技术,2025,51(2):708-717.

JIANG Yuzi,XIU Shixin,LIN Xingyu,et al. Research on arc root motion and anode dynamic behavior between transverse magnetic field contacts[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2025,51(2):708-717.

张在秦,刘志远,王闯,等.大电流真空电弧中阳极熔化过程的实验与仿真研究[J].电工技术学报,2024,39(7):2143-2152.

ZHANG Zaiqin, LIU Zhiyuan, WANG Chuang, et al. Experimental and numerical study on anode melting in high current vacuum arcs[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2024,39(7):2143-2152.

杨银.基于水平集方法的不可压两相流的数值模拟[J].工程数学学报,2013,30(2):243-251.

YANG Yin. Numerical simulation of incompressible two phase flows based on level set method[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Mathematics,2013,30(2):243-251.

田云博,王振兴,马慧,等.大电流真空电弧阳极熔蚀过程的热力学仿真研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报,2017,37(4):1021-1027.

TIAN Yunbo,WANG Zhenxing,MA Hui,et al. Thermodynamics simulation of the anode erosion process under high-current vacuum arcs[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(4):1021-1027.

KANG Y,JUNG I H. Model for surface tension of pure liquid metals:Revisit to Iida's model[J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,2024,55(5):3698-3710.

夏春勇,杨长龙,多俊龙,等.中高压开关用Cu基触头材料研究进展[J].特种铸造及有色合金,2024,44(5):598-605.

XIA Chunyong,YANG Changlong,DUO Junlong,et al. Research progress in cu-based contact materials for medium and high voltage switches[J]. Special Casting & Nonferrous Alloys,2024,44 (5):598-605.

费家祥,李小珍,刘映飞,等.银钨与银碳化钨电触头耐腐蚀能力研究[J].电工材料,2023(5):15-18.

FEI Jiaxiang,LI Xiaozhen,LIU Yingfei,et al. Study on corrosion resistance of AgW and AgWC electrical contacts[J]. Electrical Engineering Materials,2023(5):15-18.

唐艺军,王艳灵,孙浩强.基于改进NSGA-Ⅱ算法的高维多目标柔性冲压车间生产调度优化[J]. 锻压技术,2023,48(11):204-211.

TANG Yijun,WANG Yanling,SUN Haoqiang. Production scheduling optimization on high dimensional multi - objective flexible stamping workshop based on improved NSGA-Ⅱalgorithm[J]. Forging & Stamping Technology,2023,48(11):204-211.

HAN Huaizhi,YU Ruitian,LI Bingxi,et al. Multi-objective optimization of corrugated tube with loose-fit twisted tape using RSM and NSGA-II[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2019 (131):781-794.

吴小萍,段贤伟,杜鹏程,等.基于NSGA-Ⅱ算法的高速铁路声屏障高度多目标优化[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2019,16(6):1369-1374.

WU Xiaoping,DUAN Xianwei,DU Pengcheng,et al. Multi-objective optimization of noise barrier height for high - speed railway based on NSGA- Ⅱ algorithm[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2019,16(6):1369-1374.

方文彬.考虑信息诱导的城市交通网络设计研究[D].长沙:长沙理工大学,2018.

FANG Wenbin. Urban traffic network design considering information guidance[D]. Changsha:Changsha University of Science & Technology,2018.

刘凯,王小军,张石松,等.真空灭弧室用CuCr触头材料制备方法及其应用[J].真空电子技术,2019(5):33-37.

LIU Kai,WANG Xiaojun,ZHANG Shisong,et al. The application and preparation methods of CuCr contact material in vacuum interrupters[J]. Vacuum Electronics,2019(5):33-37.

薄祥来,刘思远,谢洪涛,等. CuCr55电极触头真空电弧燃弧与烧蚀特性[J].高压电器,2024,60(4):1-9.

BO Xianglai,LIU Siyuan,XIE Hongtao,et al. Vacuum arc ignition and ablation characteristics of CuCr55 electrode contacts[J]. High Voltage Apparatus,2024,60(4):1-9.

赵启,韩金儒,刘伟,等.真空灭弧室CuCr触头抗电弧烧蚀和抗熔焊研究与改进[J].高压电器,2024,60(8):1-10.

ZHAO Qi,HAN Jinru,LIU Wei,et al. Research and improvement on resistance to arc ablation and melt welding of CuCr contacts in vacuum interrupter chamber[J]. High Voltage Apparatus,2024,60 (8):1-10.

韩智云,王梦溪,任瀚文,等.石墨烯/铜钨合金触头电弧烧蚀的固—液相变动力学模拟与烧蚀程度微观表征[J].中国电机工程学报,2023,43(21):8490-8501.

HAN Zhiyun,WANG Mengxi,REN Hanwen,et al. Kinetic simulation of the solid-liquid phase transition and the microscopic characterization of the electric arc ablation of graphene/coppertungsten alloy contacts[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,2023,43(21):8490-8501.

任瀚文,杨亚腾,卞国荣,等. 燃弧冲击下石墨烯改性铜钨合金触头的烧蚀损伤特性与增强机理[J/OL]. 电工技术学报:1-13[2025-12-06]. https://doi.org/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.250508.

REN Hanwen,YANG Yateng,BIAN Guorong,et al. Ablative damage characteristics and enhancement mechanism of graphenemodified copper - tungsten alloy contacts under arc impact[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society:1-13[2025-12-06]. https://doi.org/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.250508.

CHANG Yanli,ZHENG Wei,ZHOU Zhiming,et al. Preparation and performance of Cu-Cr contact materials for vacuum switches with low contact pressure[J]. Journal of Electronic Materials,2016, 45(11):5647-5654.

浏览量

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

双断口快速真空开关分闸速度对短路电流短燃弧时间开断特性影响

基于磁环的海上风电场高频重燃过电压的抑制研究

电容器组相控投切快速真空断路器关合策略研究

双断口真空断路器非同步关合直流预击穿特性