电机电流—振动—旋转角度多特征分析的真空有载分接开关故障诊断研究

董青迅; 罗杨; 蔡川; 刘鑫; 胡祥胜; 蒋闵威

doi:10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.05.007

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电机电流—振动—旋转角度多特征分析的真空有载分接开关故障诊断研究

研究与分析 | 更新时间：2026-05-13

- 电机电流—振动—旋转角度多特征分析的真空有载分接开关故障诊断研究
- Research on Fault Diagnosis of Vacuum On-load Tap-changer Based on Multi-feature Analysis of Motor Current-vibration-rotation Angle
- 高压电器 2026年62卷第5期页码：64-72
- 作者机构：
  
  国网四川省电力公司成都供电公司，成都 610021
- 作者简介：
  
  董青迅（1986—），男，高级工程师，研究方向为变电设备技术监督及状态评价（通信作者）（E-mail：357214842@qq.com）。
- 基金信息：
  
  国网四川省电力公司科技项目;Science and Technology Project of State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Company of China(521904230002)
- DOI：10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.05.007
  中图分类号：
- 收稿：2025-09-10，
  
  修回：2025-11-24，
  
  纸质出版：2026-05-16
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
董青迅, 罗杨, 蔡川, 等. 电机电流—振动—旋转角度多特征分析的真空有载分接开关故障诊断研究[J]. 高压电器, 2026,62(5):64-72.

DONG Qingxun, LUO Yang, CAI Chuan, et al. Research on Fault Diagnosis of Vacuum On-load Tap-changer Based on Multi-feature Analysis of Motor Current-vibration-rotation Angle[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(5): 64-72.
董青迅, 罗杨, 蔡川, 等. 电机电流—振动—旋转角度多特征分析的真空有载分接开关故障诊断研究[J]. 高压电器, 2026,62(5):64-72. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.05.007.

DONG Qingxun, LUO Yang, CAI Chuan, et al. Research on Fault Diagnosis of Vacuum On-load Tap-changer Based on Multi-feature Analysis of Motor Current-vibration-rotation Angle[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(5): 64-72. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.05.007.

摘要

有载分接开关的故障诊断是保证变压器安全运行的重要措施。文中通过检测110 kV变压器真空有载分接开关（OLTC）驱动电机电流、传动轴旋转角度和3个振动信号，分析了OLTC切换过程中电机电流正负脉冲波形、旋转角度与振动信号。采用巴特沃斯高通滤波器和时频域分析对测试信号进行处理，提取了幅值、均值、最大/最小值、频域幅值平均值和重心频率等多种特征参量。基于电气、振动与角度等多元信息特征分析，提出了基于随机森林的真空OLTC机械故障诊断方法，获得了正常工况、传动轴不同松动程度、弧形板松动与过渡电阻松动情况下的故障诊断结果，对传动轴松动故障程度（轻微/严重）进行了定量设别，故障类别的识别准确率大于95%。文中提出的故障模拟与多信息特征的诊断方法对OLTC的状态检测与故障诊断具有重要意义。

Abstract

Fault diagnosis of on-load tap-changer (OLTC) is an important measure to ensure the safe operation of transformers. In this paper

the positive and negative pulse waveforms of motor currents

the rotation angle and vibration signals during the OLTC switching process of the OLTC is analyzed through the detection of the motor current

rotation angle of the transmission shaft

and three vibration signals of the vacuum on-load tap changer (OLTC) for a 110 kV transformer. The Butterworth high-pass filter and time-frequency domain analysis are used for signal processing. A variety of such characteristic parameters as amplitude

mean value

maximum/minimum value

amplitude average value in frequency domain and centroid frequency are extracted. Based on multiple information features analysis such as electrical

vibration

and angular

a vacuum OLTC mechanical fault diagnosis method based on random forest is proposed. The fault diagnosis results under normal operating conditions

different degrees of looseness in the drive shaft and loose arc resistors are obtained. The degree of looseness fault of transmission shaft (slight/serious) is quantitatively determined. The identification accuracy of fault category is higher than 95%. The fault simulation and multi-information feature-based diagnostic method proposed in this paper is of great significance for the state detection and fault diagnosis of OLTC.

关键词

Keywords

references

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