Study on Pressure Relief Effect of Pressure Relief Valves in Oil-immersed Transformers Under Arcing Faults of Different Depths

LIU Zhifeng; LIAO Jianping; HOU Mingchun; GAO Fan; CHEN Yufei; LIANG Dong; ZHANG Cui

doi:10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.02.011

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Study on Pressure Relief Effect of Pressure Relief Valves in Oil-immersed Transformers Under Arcing Faults of Different Depths

Research & Analysis | 更新时间：2026-03-16

- Study on Pressure Relief Effect of Pressure Relief Valves in Oil-immersed Transformers Under Arcing Faults of Different Depths
- High Voltage Apparatus Vol. 62, Issue 2, Pages: 85-93(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司电力科研院，广州 510663
  西安西电智慧电气制造有限公司，西安 710086
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.02.011
  CLC：
- Received：21 July 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-10-11，
  
  Published：16 February 2026
- 稿件说明：
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LIU Zhifeng, LIAO Jianping, HOU Mingchun, et al. Study on Pressure Relief Effect of Pressure Relief Valves in Oil-immersed Transformers Under Arcing Faults of Different Depths[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(2): 85-93.
DOI：

LIU Zhifeng, LIAO Jianping, HOU Mingchun, et al. Study on Pressure Relief Effect of Pressure Relief Valves in Oil-immersed Transformers Under Arcing Faults of Different Depths[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(2): 85-93. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.02.011.

摘要

变压器通常装设压力释放阀作为压力保护装置，其设计功能是在设备内部压力升高时通过及时泄放绝缘油缓解超压，从而保护设备结构安全。然而，近年来因内部电弧故障引发的变压器爆燃事故发生次数增多，压力释放阀并未起到有效地保护作用，其泄压能力受到了业界质疑。为评估压力释放阀在油浸式变压器内部发生电弧故障时对变压器的保护效果，文中建立了变压器内部故障油压计算模型，仿真研究了不同故障深度对压力释放阀泄压效果的影响。仿真结果表明：在相同电弧能量、不同深度的故障条件下，压力释放阀的开启时间明显不同。当故障发生在靠近变压器顶盖的浅层位置时，压力释放阀能够快速响应，在2MJ的电弧能量下，压力释放阀在顶盖中心测点处的泄压效果可达13.1%；而故障发生在深层位置时，故障点远离压力释放阀安装处，导致压力释放阀动作更慢，压力释放阀的泄压效果降低至9.3%。文中研究工作可为变压器压力释放阀的设计及布置方案优化提供理论参考。

Abstract

Pressure relief valves are commonly installed in transformers as pressure protection device and their design function is

in case of rise of internal pressure of transformer

to mitigate internal overpressure by releasing insulating oil

thereby protecting the safety of the equipment structure. However

in recent years

explosion and fire accidents triggered by internal arcing faults in oil-immersed transformers have become more frequently and the pressure relief valves did not play the effective protective role and their pressure relief protection has been questioned by the industry. For assessing the protection effect of the pressure relief valves in case of arcing fault inside the oil immersed oil transformer

in this paper the calculation model of internal fault oil pressure of transformer is set up and the effect of various fault depths on pressure relief effect of pressure relief valves at different fault depths is simulated and studied.The simulation result shows that under the same arc energy and different depths of fault conditions

the switcing-on time of the pressure relief valves is obviously different. When the fault occurs in the shallow position near the top cover of transformer

the pressure relief valves can respond quickly.Under the arc energy of 2 MJ

the pressure relief effect of the pressure relief valves at the the central point of the top cover can reach 13.1%. While

in case of the fault in the deep position

the fault point is far from the installation place of the pressure relief valves

causing the operation of the pressure relief valves to be slower and the pressure relief effect of the pressure relief valves is reduced to 9.3%.The study in this paper can provide theoretical reference for the optimization of design and layout scheme of pressure relief valves of transformer.

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references

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