Review on the Dynamic Bubble Behavior in Oil-paper Insulation of Converter Transformer and the Evolution Mechanism of High-energy Arcs and Mitigation Techniques

LIU Hongshun; SUI Yizhen; ZHAO Ruxue; WU Hongbin; REN Fuqiang; LI Qingquan; LI Yuan

doi:10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.04.001

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Review on the Dynamic Bubble Behavior in Oil-paper Insulation of Converter Transformer and the Evolution Mechanism of High-energy Arcs and Mitigation Techniques

Overview | 更新时间：2026-04-08

- Review on the Dynamic Bubble Behavior in Oil-paper Insulation of Converter Transformer and the Evolution Mechanism of High-energy Arcs and Mitigation Techniques
- High Voltage Apparatus Vol. 62, Issue 4, Pages: 1-16(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  山东大学山东省先进输变电技术与智能装备重点实验室，济南 250061
  西安交通大学电工材料电气绝缘全国重点实验室，西安 710049
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.04.001
  CLC：
- Received：18 September 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-12-09，
  
  Published：16 April 2026
- 稿件说明：
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LIU Hongshun, SUI Yizhen, ZHAO Ruxue, et al. Review on the Dynamic Bubble Behavior in Oil-paper Insulation of Converter Transformer and the Evolution Mechanism of High-energy Arcs and Mitigation Techniques[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(4): 1-16.
DOI：

LIU Hongshun, SUI Yizhen, ZHAO Ruxue, et al. Review on the Dynamic Bubble Behavior in Oil-paper Insulation of Converter Transformer and the Evolution Mechanism of High-energy Arcs and Mitigation Techniques[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(4): 1-16. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.04.001.

摘要

换流变压器作为交直流输电环节中的关键设备，其运行的稳定性和安全性直接关系到整个电力系统的可靠性与稳定水平。近年来，由高能电弧引发的换流变压器爆燃事故呈现高发趋势，已成为影响电网运行安全的主要隐患之一。由于油纸绝缘中的气泡在电场、温度场等作用下，对油纸绝缘的绝缘性能有显著影响，在高能电弧的形成过程中起着至关重要的作用，因此探究换流变压器油纸绝缘气泡动态行为与高能电弧演化机理及其防治技术具有重要意义。为此系统综述了换流变压器油纸绝缘气泡的产生机理与复杂动态行为，重点总结了热致与电致气泡在不同工况下的形成机理，并进一步介绍了气泡簇爆发与局部放电演化之间的耦合机制。通过总结放电阶段划分与预警方法，归纳了当前高能电弧前兆识别方法及其存在的问题，最后从材料改性与油路结构控制两个层面综述了典型的放电抑制技术路径，为换流变压器电弧前兆预警与防治、保障交直流输电系统安全可靠运行提供思路。

Abstract

Converter transformer is a key equipment in the AC/DC transmission link and its operation stability and safety directly affects both reliability and stability level of the entire power system. In recent years

the deflagration accidents in converter transformers caused by high-energy arcs have shown an increasing trend

posing an major threat to the operational safety of power grids. Due to the significant impact of bubbles in oil paper insulation on its insulation performance under the influence of electric and temperature fields

and their crucial role in the formation process of high-energy arcs

it is of great importance to investigate the dynamic behavior of bubbles in oil paper insulation of converter transformers

the evolution mechanism of high-energy arcs

and their prevention and their corresponding mitigation techniques. Therefore

the generation mechanism and complex dynamic behavior of oil paper insulation bubbles in converter transformers is systematically reviewed

with a focus on summarizing the formation mechanisms of thermally induced and electrically induced bubbles under different operating conditions

and the coupling mechanism between bubble cluster explosion and partial discharge evolution is introduced further. By sum marizing the division of discharge stages and warning methods

the current methods for identifying high-energy arc precursors and their existing problems are summarized. Finally

typical discharge mitigatino technique paths are summarized from the perspectives of material modification and oil circuit structure control

providing ideas for early warning and prevention of arc precursors in converter transformers and ensuring the safe and reliable operation of AC/DC transmission systems.

关键词

Keywords

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