Review of Control Strategies and Development Trends for Grid-forming Energy Storage PCS Converters

LI Zhen; QU Yushan; ZHOU Xichao; PENG Yong; YANG Bin; WANG Nan

doi:10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.06.002

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Review of Control Strategies and Development Trends for Grid-forming Energy Storage PCS Converters

Overview | 更新时间：2026-06-10

- Review of Control Strategies and Development Trends for Grid-forming Energy Storage PCS Converters
- High Voltage Apparatus Vol. 62, Issue 6, Pages: 12-20(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  国网综合能源服务集团有限公司，北京 100053
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.06.002
  CLC：
- Received：03 December 2025，
  
  Revised：2026-01-23，
  
  Published：16 June 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
LI Zhen, QU Yushan, ZHOU Xichao, et al. Review of Control Strategies and Development Trends for Grid-forming Energy Storage PCS Converters[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(6): 12-20.
DOI：

LI Zhen, QU Yushan, ZHOU Xichao, et al. Review of Control Strategies and Development Trends for Grid-forming Energy Storage PCS Converters[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(6): 12-20. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.06.002.

摘要

作为未来电力系统的重要供能来源，以风光为主的新能源发电给电力系统带来了波动性和间歇性等诸多困扰，储能装置具有平抑新能源出力波动，维持电网稳定的功能，其中，储能功率转换系统（PCS）即储能变流器，作为储能设备的并网接口，其控制特性显著影响储能单元的并网特性。传统跟网型控制变流器存在功率调节能力低、缺乏电网支撑能力等问题，研究中陆续提出了构网型（grid-forming，GFM）变流器的控制模式，储能单元结合构网型控制策略可有效改善电网侧的动态性能和稳定性。文中阐述了构网型储能变流器的结构和特点，以及常用的VF控制、基于PSL的GFM控制、VOC和匹配控制的构网型控制模式，并就存在的变流器过流保护和同步稳定性进行了讨论，分别介绍了面对小干扰和大干扰时变流器的同步稳定方式。最后介绍了构网型控制在储能上的应用以及未来发展方向。

Abstract

As a critical energy source for future power systems

renewable energy generation

primarily based on wind and solar power

has brought about numerous challenges such as volatility and intermittency to the power system. Energy storage devices play a key role in smoothing out fluctuations in renewable energy output and maintaining grid stability

in which

the power conversion system (PCS)

known as the energy storage converter

serves as the grid interface for energy storage equipment

and its control characteristics significantly influence the grid-connected performance of the energy storage unit. The traditional grid-following control converter has such issues as low power regulation and a lack of grid support capacity

the control mode of grid-forming (GFM) converter is successively proposed in the study. The energy storage unit in combination with grid-forming control strategy can effectively improve dynamic performance and stability of the grid side. In this paper the structure and characteristics of grid-forming converter and the grid-forming control mode of the commonly used VF control

GFM control based on PSL

VOC and matching control are described. The overcurrent protection and synchronization stability of the existing converter are also discussed. The synchronization stability methods of converter under small and large distrubances are introduced respectively. Finally

the application and future development trends of grid-forming control in energy storage are introduced.

关键词

Keywords

references

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