Macro features of plasma are closely linked with its internal micro-process. It lays the micro-theoretical foundation for a deeper understanding of the plasma formation mechanism to study the plasma components as well as the thermodynamic and transport properties which strongly depend on the former. From the conservation of the elements

Dalton’Law

the law of mass action and electrically quasi-neutrality

this paper sums up the basic method of calculating the composition constitutes of equilibrium and non-equilibrium plasma and its scope of application. Based on the composition constitutes

this paper also introduces the methods of calculating thermodynamic and transport properties of equilibrium and non-equilibrium plasma as well as the main problem during the current study on the plasma properties.