Research on Generation Mechanism of Carbon Particles in Natural Ester and Mineral Oil and Their Impact on Electrical Properties

ZHANG Xiaoqin; ZHU Hongbin; FENG Shangquan; YANG Yantao; CHEN Chen; ZHAO Xuetong; YANG Lijun

doi:10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2025.10.002

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Research on Generation Mechanism of Carbon Particles in Natural Ester and Mineral Oil and Their Impact on Electrical Properties

Key New Technologies for Equipment Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis in New Power System Research on Fault Mechanisms of Key Power Equipment in New Power System | 更新时间：2025-10-21

- Research on Generation Mechanism of Carbon Particles in Natural Ester and Mineral Oil and Their Impact on Electrical Properties
- High Voltage Apparatus Vol. 61, Issue 10, Pages: 11-20(2025)
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- DOI：10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2025.10.002
  CLC：
- Received：11 April 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-07-03，
  
  Published：16 October 2025
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ZHANG Xiaoqin, ZHU Hongbin, FENG Shangquan, et al. Research on Generation Mechanism of Carbon Particles in Natural Ester and Mineral Oil and Their Impact on Electrical Properties[J]. High voltage apparatus, 2025, 61(10): 11-20.
DOI：

ZHANG Xiaoqin, ZHU Hongbin, FENG Shangquan, et al. Research on Generation Mechanism of Carbon Particles in Natural Ester and Mineral Oil and Their Impact on Electrical Properties[J]. High voltage apparatus, 2025, 61(10): 11-20. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2025.10.002.

摘要

放电产生的微小碳颗粒对变压器绝缘油性能的影响一直未得到行业足够的关注，天然酯和矿物油中碳颗粒产生机制的差异更是少有研究。文中以25号矿物绝缘油和FR3型天然酯绝缘油为对象，对比研究了油中碳颗粒的产生规律及其对油品电气性能的影响，分析了不同电击穿作用下两种绝缘油中产生碳颗粒的数量、粒径和形状等特征参数，并明确了碳颗粒对绝缘油击穿电压、介质损耗和直流电阻率等电气性能的影响。结果表明：随着击穿次数的增加，两种绝缘油中碳颗粒数量均呈上升趋势，且矿物油中碳颗粒数量约为天然酯的2～5倍；击穿后，两种绝缘油中80%以上的碳颗粒粒径分布在0～10 μm，其中0～5 μm颗粒占比随击穿次数的增加表现出不同的变化趋势，矿物油中大粒径碳颗粒的圆形度较天然酯低，形状更为不规则；击穿后产生的碳颗粒均对导致两种绝缘油的电性能劣化，其中矿物油受影响更为显著，在击穿50次后，其介损上升了427.3%，电阻率下降了65.2%；相比之下，天然酯的介损仅增加了7.8%，而电阻率也仅下降8.2%。

Abstract

The effect of tiny carbon particles produced by discharge on the performance of transformer insulating oil has not been paid sufficient attention by the industry

especially the difference in the generation mechanism of carbon particles in natural ester and mineral oil is rarely studied. In this paper

No. 25 mineral insulating oil and FR3 natural ester insulating oil are taken as the object

the generation mechanism of carbon particles in oil and its influence on electrical properties are compared and studied. Such characteristic parameters as the number

particle size and shape of carbon particles in two types of insulating oil under different electrical breakdown are analyzed

and the influence of carbon particles on such electrical performances as breakdown voltage

dielectric loss and DC resistivity of insulating oil is clarified. The results show that the number of carbon particles in both types of insulating oil increases with the increase of breakdown times

and the quantity of carbon particles in mineral oil is about 2-5 times higher than that of natural ester. After breakdown

more than 80% of the carbon particles are distributed in the range of 0-10 μm

in which the proportion of 0-5 μm particles shows different trends with the increase of breakdown times. The roundness of large carbon particles in mineral oil is lower than that of natural ester

and the shape is more irregular. The carbon particles produced after electrical breakdown lead to electrical performance degradation of the two types of insulating oil

of which the degradation of mineral oil is more severe than that of natural ester.After 50 times of breakdown

its dielectric loss in increased by 427.3%

resistivity is decreased by 65.2%；In contrast

the dielectric loss of the elester is only increased by 7.8%

while the resistivity is also reduced by only 8.2%.

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references

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