Series Arc Fault Detection Method for Photovoltaic Systems Based on Spectral Cosine Distance

GUO Jiahao; XIAO Xiaolong; LIU Jian; ZHU Weiping; LU Xiaoxing; XUE Zhitong; ZHANG Junyi; XIONG Qing; JI Shengchang

doi:10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2025.10.023

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Series Arc Fault Detection Method for Photovoltaic Systems Based on Spectral Cosine Distance

Power Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Technology in New Power System· | 更新时间：2025-10-21

- Series Arc Fault Detection Method for Photovoltaic Systems Based on Spectral Cosine Distance
- High Voltage Apparatus Vol. 61, Issue 10, Pages: 218-226(2025)
- 作者机构：
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2025.10.023
  CLC：
- Received：02 April 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-07-13，
  
  Published：16 October 2025
- 稿件说明：
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GUO Jiahao, XIAO Xiaolong, LIU Jian, et al. Series Arc Fault Detection Method for Photovoltaic Systems Based on Spectral Cosine Distance[J]. High voltage apparatus, 2025, 61(10): 218-226.
DOI：

GUO Jiahao, XIAO Xiaolong, LIU Jian, et al. Series Arc Fault Detection Method for Photovoltaic Systems Based on Spectral Cosine Distance[J]. High voltage apparatus, 2025, 61(10): 218-226. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2025.10.023.

摘要

光伏系统中发生电弧故障时，故障信号容易受到光照强度变化等因素影响，且高频故障信号会随线缆传播而衰减，导致光伏系统串联电弧故障难以检测。现有光伏系统电弧故障检测方法中，对大电流、长距离线缆条件下的故障检测研究不足，且缺乏真实光伏系统电弧故障检测的有效性验证。为了有效检测光伏系统出现的电弧故障，首先搭建了低压直流系统和光伏系统电弧故障实验平台，通过串联拉弧实验获取电弧故障数据。然后，利用快速傅里叶变换（fast Fourier transform，FFT）对电弧故障发生前后的频谱进行分析，并研究了不同电极材料对电弧故障频域内的故障特性的影响。根据不同系统故障频域特性，利用电弧电流时间窗之间位于特征频段的频谱余弦距离作为故障特征参量，提出了一种基于频谱余弦距离的光伏系统串联电弧故障检测算法。在光伏系统中验证了该检测算法的有效性，检测准确率为97.6%。与已有研究所提出的算法相比，本算法的最大检测电流为25 A，最大检测距离为400 m，并具有较高的检测准确性。

Abstract

In case of arc fault in photovoltaic (PV) system

the fault signal is easily affected by such factors as light intensity variation and

moreover

high-frequency fault signals tend to attenuate as they propagate through cables

making series arc fault in PV systems difficult to be detected. The existing arc fault detection methods for PV systems exhibit limited study on the fault detection under high current and long distance cables

and are lack of validation of the effectiveness in real PV systems. For effectively detecting the arc faults occurring in the PV systems

the experimental platforms for arc faults in low-voltage DC (LVDC) system and PV system are firstly set up

and the arc fault data is obtained through series arc drawing experiments. Then

fast Fourier transform is used to analyze the frequency spectrum before and after the occurrence of the arc fault

and the influence of different electrode materials on the fault characteristics in the frequency domain is investigated. Based on the frequency domain characteristics of different system faults

the spectral cosine distance between time windows of arc current within the characteristic frequency band is used as the fault feature parameter

and a series arc fault detection algorithm for PV systems based on spectral cosine distance is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed detection method is verified in PV systems

with a detection accuracy of 97.6%. This algorithm

compared with the algorithms proposed in existing studies

has a maximum detection current of 25 A

a maximum detection distance of 400 m and a high detection accuracy.

关键词

Keywords

references

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