Study on Transient Response Characteristics and Grid-connection Performance of Grid-forming and Grid-following Energy Storage in Weak Grids

ZHAO Qinghua; LI Ming; LI Xiaolong; YAXAR Turgun; LI Yiyan; LAN Chenglong; ZHENG Yunping; ZONG Sijia

doi:10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2025.11.003

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Study on Transient Response Characteristics and Grid-connection Performance of Grid-forming and Grid-following Energy Storage in Weak Grids

Grid Forming Control Strategy | 更新时间：2025-11-04

- Study on Transient Response Characteristics and Grid-connection Performance of Grid-forming and Grid-following Energy Storage in Weak Grids
- High Voltage Apparatus Vol. 61, Issue 11, Pages: 22-33(2025)
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- DOI：10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2025.11.003
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- Received：25 May 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-07-30，
  
  Published：16 November 2025
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ZHAO Qinghua, LI Ming, LI Xiaolong, et al. Study on Transient Response Characteristics and Grid-connection Performance of Grid-forming and Grid-following Energy Storage in Weak Grids[J]. High voltage apparatus, 2025, 61(11): 22-33.
DOI：

ZHAO Qinghua, LI Ming, LI Xiaolong, et al. Study on Transient Response Characteristics and Grid-connection Performance of Grid-forming and Grid-following Energy Storage in Weak Grids[J]. High voltage apparatus, 2025, 61(11): 22-33. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2025.11.003.

摘要

近年来，光伏、风电等可再生能源大量接入电网，在提供清洁能源、降低碳排放的同时，也为电网带来了电压、频率不稳定问题；储能系统用于解决电力需求与供给在时间、空间多维度的矛盾，具有削峰填谷、能量平衡的关键作用。目前大多数储能变流器采用跟网控制方式，由于锁相环的延迟和硬件设备电流的限制，存在频率动态过程响应较慢，电压支撑能力弱的问题。构网控制由于引入了虚拟同步机惯量响应的控制回路而逐渐成为解决系统频率问题的主要控制策略。该文根据跟、构网研究现状，分析两种控制策略特性，分别在直流近区和新能源高比例地区弱电网储能系统进行电压、频率扰动试验，分析构网型储能系统关键参数对涉网性能的影响，对比分析了构网型与跟网型储能系统在弱电网中的暂态响应特性和并网性能。

Abstract

In recent years，the access of such a large number of renewable energy sources as photovoltaic and wind power to the power grid，although providing clean energy and reducing carbon emissions，introduces problems of unstable voltage and frequency to the power grid. The energy storage system is used to address the contradictions between power demand and supply in multiple dimensions of time and space，and plays a crucial role in peak shaving and valley filling as well as energy balance. At present，most energy storage converters adopt the grid-following control mode. Due to the delay of the phase-locked loop and the current limitation of the hardware equipment，such problems as slow frequency dynamic process response and weak voltage support capacity are existed.The grid-forming control，due to the introduction of a control loop for the inertia response of virtual synchronous machines，has gradually become into the main control strategy for solving system frequency problems. In this paper，based on the current research status of grid following and grid formation，the characteristics of two control strategies are analyzed，the voltage and frequency disturbance tests on weak grid energy storage systems in the near DC zone and areas with a high proportion of new energy are performed respectively.The influence of key parameters of grid-forming energy storage systems on grid connection performance is analyzed and the transient response characteristics and grid connection performance of grid-forming and grid-following energy storage systems in weak grids are comparatively analyzed.

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references

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