Research on Aggregated Control Technology of Battery Swap Station for New Power System

WANG Dawei; JIN Yuan; ZHANG Qian; LI Zhanbo

doi:10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2025.11.007

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Research on Aggregated Control Technology of Battery Swap Station for New Power System

Power Grid Regulation and Control Strategy | 更新时间：2025-11-04

- Research on Aggregated Control Technology of Battery Swap Station for New Power System
- High Voltage Apparatus Vol. 61, Issue 11, Pages: 71-83(2025)
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- DOI：10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2025.11.007
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- Received：25 May 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-08-07，
  
  Published：16 November 2025
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WANG Dawei, JIN Yuan, ZHANG Qian, et al. Research on Aggregated Control Technology of Battery Swap Station for New Power System[J]. High voltage apparatus, 2025, 61(11): 71-83.
DOI：

WANG Dawei, JIN Yuan, ZHANG Qian, et al. Research on Aggregated Control Technology of Battery Swap Station for New Power System[J]. High voltage apparatus, 2025, 61(11): 71-83. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2025.11.007.

摘要

随着可再生能源大规模接入和电动汽车（electric vehicles，EVs）渗透率的不断提高，换电站（battery swapping station，BSS）作为一种快速“补能”方式，兼具电动汽车服务和电网调节的双重功能，成为新型电力系统中的重要支撑。文中首先梳理了BSS的系统结构与运行特性建模，同时总结了目前针对不同车辆类型的主要换电方式，并阐述了集中式与分布式两种主要的BSS运营模式；随后全面总结了BSS的聚合调控策略，从功率协调与调度、充放电策略和选址定容优化，以及BSS辅助调频多个方面探讨了最新的研究进展以及各种优化策略，最后，文章对BSS在新型电力系统中面临的动态服务定价、基础设施建设与标准化，以及EV-BSS协调调度等关键挑战进行了展望，指出了未来在多目标协同优化、数据驱动控制，以及跨层级协同机制方面的研究方向，全面讨论了BSS面临的挑战、趋势和进展。

Abstract

With the large-scale access of renewable energy and the increasing penetration rate of electric vehicles （EVs），battery swapping station（BSS）as a fast‘energy replenishment’method，with the dual functions of electric vehicle services and grid regulation，have become an important support for new power systems. In this paper the system structure and operation characteristics modeling of BSS is firstly reviewed and，at the same time，the main battery swapping methods for different types of vehicles are summaried and the two main BSS operation modes of centralized and distributed described. Then，the aggregation control strategy of BSS is comprehensively summarized，and the latest research progress and various optimization strategies from such multiple aspects as power coordination and scheduling，charging and discharging strategies and site selection and capacity optimization，and BSS auxiliary frequency regulation are discussed. Finally，this paper looks forward to such key challenges as dynamic service pricing，infrastructure construction and standardization，and EV-BSS coordinated scheduling faced by BSS in the new power system， points out the future research directions in multi-objective collaborative optimization，data-driven control，and crosslevel collaborative mechanisms，and comprehensively discusses the challenges，trends and progress faced by BSS.

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references

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