Black Start Strategy for Hybrid Grid-forming/Grid-following Offshore Wind Farms Based onDRU-HVDC Transmission Systems

MENG Liuwei; WANG Weiqing; LI Xiaozhu

doi:10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2025.11.013

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Black Start Strategy for Hybrid Grid-forming/Grid-following Offshore Wind Farms Based onDRU-HVDC Transmission Systems

Fault Diagnosis Technology | 更新时间：2025-11-04

- Black Start Strategy for Hybrid Grid-forming/Grid-following Offshore Wind Farms Based onDRU-HVDC Transmission Systems
- High Voltage Apparatus Vol. 61, Issue 11, Pages: 138-148(2025)
- 作者机构：
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- DOI：10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2025.11.013
  CLC：
- Received：21 May 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-08-06，
  
  Published：16 November 2025
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MENG Liuwei, WANG Weiqing, LI Xiaozhu. Black Start Strategy for Hybrid Grid-forming/Grid-following Offshore Wind Farms Based onDRU-HVDC Transmission Systems[J]. High voltage apparatus, 2025, 61(11): 138-148.
DOI：

MENG Liuwei, WANG Weiqing, LI Xiaozhu. Black Start Strategy for Hybrid Grid-forming/Grid-following Offshore Wind Farms Based onDRU-HVDC Transmission Systems[J]. High voltage apparatus, 2025, 61(11): 138-148. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2025.11.013.

摘要

随着海上风电向中远海拓展，基于二极管整流单元的高压直流（DRU-HVDC）输电系统因其经济性与可靠性备受关注，但其海上风电场黑启动控制仍具挑战。本研究针对采用DRU-HVDC的海上风电场低频交流汇集直流送出系统，提出了改进的构网型风电机组控制策略，进一步设计了构网/跟网可切换控制策略，最后在MATLAB/Simulink平台构建了仿真模型。经过仿真风电场能够平稳启动及构网型机组平滑并网，并可以实现构网型与跟网型两种运行模式无扰切换后的混合稳定运行。仿真结果验证了所提策略的有效性，为无外部电源支撑的远海风电场提供了可靠解决方案。

Abstract

As offshore wind power moves toward mid-to-far distances，the diode rectifier unit based HVDC（DRU-HVDC）transmission system is gaining significant attention for its economic efficiency and reliability. However，its black-start control for offshore wind farms remains challenging. As for the offshore wind farm with low-frequency AC collection and DC transmission utilizing DRU-HVDC in this study，an enhanced control strategy for grid-forming wind turbine generators is proposed. Furthermore，a switchable control strategy between grid-forming and grid-following modes is designed. Finally，a simulation model is constructed on the MATLAB/Simulink platform. The simulation results demonstrate that the wind farm can achieve a stable start-up and the smooth grid-connection of grid-forming units as well as hybrid stable operation with a seamless transition between grid-forming and grid-following operational modes. The effectiveness of the proposed strategies is verified by the simulation result，providing a reliable solution for far-offshore wind farms without external power support.

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references

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