Charging and Discharging Control Strategy for Vanadium Flow Battery Energy Storage System Based on Power Adaptation

ZHANG Hong; QIU Ya; LI Jinzhong; XIE Yuguang; XU Ke; LI Xin

doi:10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2025.11.016

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Charging and Discharging Control Strategy for Vanadium Flow Battery Energy Storage System Based on Power Adaptation

Fault Diagnosis Technology | 更新时间：2025-11-04

- Charging and Discharging Control Strategy for Vanadium Flow Battery Energy Storage System Based on Power Adaptation
- High Voltage Apparatus Vol. 61, Issue 11, Pages: 175-186(2025)
- 作者机构：
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- DOI：10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2025.11.016
  CLC：
- Received：20 May 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-08-10，
  
  Published：16 November 2025
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ZHANG Hong, QIU Ya, LI Jinzhong, et al. Charging and Discharging Control Strategy for Vanadium Flow Battery Energy Storage System Based on Power Adaptation[J]. High voltage apparatus, 2025, 61(11): 175-186.
DOI：

ZHANG Hong, QIU Ya, LI Jinzhong, et al. Charging and Discharging Control Strategy for Vanadium Flow Battery Energy Storage System Based on Power Adaptation[J]. High voltage apparatus, 2025, 61(11): 175-186. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2025.11.016.

摘要

针对全钒液流电池（VFB）储能系统在传统恒功率充放电控制下存在的初始电流冲击大和能量利用率低等问题，文中提出一种基于功率自适应的充放电控制策略。该策略通过自适应功率调节机制，动态优化充放电功率轨迹：在充放电初期有效抑制电流冲击，延长电池寿命；在末期则动态调节功率变化速率，使端电压逼近截止电压，拓宽荷电状态（

SOC

）可用区间，实现深度充放电，避免因触及电压限制而降低利用率。为全面反映电池运行特性，建立了涵盖电气、电化学、流体力学及温度场的VFB多物理场耦合模型，并给出了功率自适应控制策略的控制框图和算法。仿真分析表明，与传统恒功率控制相比，自适应策略将充放电初始冲击电流分别控制在269.2、-286.7 A；充电终止

SOC

达到88.0%，放电终止

SOC

降至1.1%；库伦效率从84.89%提升至89.96%。该自适应策略显著改善了系统安全性和容量利用率，具备良好的工程应用前景。

Abstract

In view of the issues of high initial current surges and low energy utilization efficiency of vanadium flow battery（VFB）energy storage systems under traditional constant-power charge/discharge control，in this papers a power-adaptive charge/discharge control strategy is proposed. This strategy employs adaptive power regulation mechanism to dynamically optimize the charge/discharge power trajectory. It，during the initial charge/ discharge period，effectively suppresses current surges and extends lifespan of battery. While，during the final period，it dynamically adjusts the power variation rate to keep the terminal voltage appromixate to the cutoff voltage，borden the usable state of charge（

SOC

）range，enabling

deeper charge/discharge cycles and avoiding reduction of utilization rate due to voltage constraints. In order to fully refelct operating characteristics of battery，a comprehensive VFB multi-physics coupled model，covering electrical，electrochemical，fluid dynamics and temperature field，is set up， and the control block diagram and algorithm for the power-adaptive strategy are given. The simulation results show that，compared to traditional constant-power control，the proposed strategy controls the initial impact current of charge/dischage to 269.2 A and-286.7 A，respectively. The

SOC

in charge termination can reach 88.0% and in dischrge termination can be reduced dow to 1.1% .The Coulombic efficiency is increased from 84.89% to 89.96%. This strategy significantly enhances system safety and capacity utilization and possesses promising application prospect .

关键词

Keywords

references

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