Research on the Discharge Channel Morphology and Shock Wave Characteristics of Arcs in Transformer Oil Under Impulse Voltage

JIA Lingjie; WANG Qi; LI Liuxia; LI Jinlu; LIU Yi

doi:10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.04.007

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Research on the Discharge Channel Morphology and Shock Wave Characteristics of Arcs in Transformer Oil Under Impulse Voltage

Research & Analysis | 更新时间：2026-04-08

- Research on the Discharge Channel Morphology and Shock Wave Characteristics of Arcs in Transformer Oil Under Impulse Voltage
- High Voltage Apparatus Vol. 62, Issue 4, Pages: 66-73(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  中国电力科学研究院有限公司，武汉 430074
  华中科技大学强电磁工程与新技术国家重点实验室，武汉 430074
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.04.007
  CLC：
- Received：10 October 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-12-28，
  
  Published：16 April 2026
- 稿件说明：
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JIA Lingjie, WANG Qi, LI Liuxia, et al. Research on the Discharge Channel Morphology and Shock Wave Characteristics of Arcs in Transformer Oil Under Impulse Voltage[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(4): 66-73.
DOI：

JIA Lingjie, WANG Qi, LI Liuxia, et al. Research on the Discharge Channel Morphology and Shock Wave Characteristics of Arcs in Transformer Oil Under Impulse Voltage[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(4): 66-73. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.04.007.

摘要

油中电弧放电是变压器燃爆事故的主要诱因，随着电力系统发展和电压等级提升，暂态脉冲电压频率和幅值增加，使得油中电弧放电行为变得更加复杂。研究旨在探讨脉冲电压下变压器油中电弧放电的电弧及激波形态变化。为此，设计并搭建了高压脉冲放电油击穿实验平台，通过同步采集脉冲电弧放电过程中的电压—电流信号，并结合高速摄影技术，捕捉了油中电弧放电动态演变及激波的传播过程。研究分析了放电过程中电弧与激波的形态变化规律及其相互作用机制，并探讨了不同电极间隙对电弧及激波直径的影响。实验结果表明：油中放电时电弧膨胀速度较水中放电情况下更快，在更短时间内电弧膨胀至最大，激波分离时，电弧呈现缩小趋势，随后激波气泡破裂后电弧呈现膨胀趋势；放电间隙距离对激波形态有显著影响，激波形态可等效为两个椭球体的叠加；电弧放电初期，电弧膨胀体积与施加电压有关，后期则与间隙长度成正比。研究为脉冲电压下油中电弧放电的电弧及激波形态变化提供了新的实验依据，对精细化变压器形变破裂建模具有重要参考价值。

Abstract

Arc discharge in oil is the main cause of transformer deflagration accidents. With the development of power systems and the increase in voltage levels

the frequency and amplitude of transient pulse voltages have increased

making the behavior of arc discharge in oil more complex. This study aims to explore the morphological changes of arc and shock waves generated by arc discharge in transformer oil under impulse voltage. To this end

a high-voltage pulse discharge oil breakdown experimental platform is designed and set up. By synchronously collecting the voltage-current signals during the pulse arc discharge process and combining with high-speed photography technology

the dynamic evolution of the arc and the propagation process of the shock wave in the oil are captured. The morphological vriation and interaction mechanisms of the arc and shock wave during the discharge process are studied and analyzed and the influence of different electrode gaps on the diameters of the arc and shock wave is explored. The experimental results show that the arc expansion speed in oil discharge is faster than that in water discharge

and the arc expands to the maximum in a shorter time. In case of shock wave sepration

the arc shows a shrinking trend

and then expands after the shock wave bubble bursts. The discharge gap distance has a significant impact on the shock wave morphology

which can be equivalent to the superposition of two ellipsoids. In the initial stage of arc discharge

the arc expansion volume is related to the applied voltage

and in the later stage

it is propor tional to the gap length. This study provides new experimental evidence for the changes in arc and shock wave morphology during oil arc discharge under pulse voltage

and has important reference value for the refined modeling of transformer deformation and rupture.

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