Research on the Impulse Aging Characteristics of a Complete 10 kV Arrester

WANG Bowen; LU Jiazheng; LIN Tianyu; FU Zhiyao; LONG Jiantao; SHI Xin

doi:10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.04.010

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Research on the Impulse Aging Characteristics of a Complete 10 kV Arrester

Research & Analysis | 更新时间：2026-04-08

- Research on the Impulse Aging Characteristics of a Complete 10 kV Arrester
- High Voltage Apparatus Vol. 62, Issue 4, Pages: 89-97(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  长沙理工大学电网防灾减灾全国重点实验室，长沙 410129
  国网湖南省电力有限公司防灾减灾中心，长沙 410129
  西安交通大学电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室，西安 710049
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.04.010
  CLC：
- Received：16 September 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-12-05，
  
  Published：16 April 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
WANG Bowen, LU Jiazheng, LIN Tianyu, et al. Research on the Impulse Aging Characteristics of a Complete 10 kV Arrester[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(4): 89-97.
DOI：

WANG Bowen, LU Jiazheng, LIN Tianyu, et al. Research on the Impulse Aging Characteristics of a Complete 10 kV Arrester[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(4): 89-97. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.04.010.

摘要

金属氧化物避雷器由于优异的非线性特性在输电线路雷击防护方面得到了充分的应用，但雷击电流过大时，避雷器常常由于冲击老化出现故障，甚至炸裂，严重影响电网运行安全。文中基于搭建的冲击大电流试验平台，测试不同电流幅值下整只避雷器的耐受冲击次数以及在冲击老化过程中直流1 mA下的参考电压（

1mA

）和阻性电流

的变化规律，表明避雷器的冲击寿命具有临界性并通过电子扫描显微镜（SEM）以及光电子能谱（XPS）的微观表征对其进行机理解释。同时通过基于随机Voronoi网络的电阻片热—力有限元仿真分析以及电阻片釉层加热试验对避雷器在冲击老化过程中的失效形式进行分析：电阻片晶粒出现局部熔融后电阻片温升剧烈上升，由于局部过热使得釉层融化，导致沿面闪络；同时，电阻片局部融化后，电流与热量的集中导致应力远大于电阻片的极限值，从而出现炸裂。最终提出了一种新的线路避雷器损坏预测方法：通过基于雷电流幅值的经验公式对冲击寿命进行预测，通过雷电流幅值概率建立雷击次数与落雷密度的关系，从而得到避雷器损坏率与落雷密度的经验公式。

Abstract

Metal oxide surge arrester is widely used in lightning protection for transmission lines due to its excellient nonlinear characteristics. However

in case of excessively high lightning current

the arrester often fails due to impulse aging

or even rupture

severely impacting the operational safety of power grids. In this paper

based on the constructed imulse high current test platform

in this paper the number of withstanding impulse of the a complete attester under different current

amplitudes

as well as the variation of the reference voltage(

1mA

)under DC 1 mA and the resistive current JL during the impulse aging process are tested

indicating that the impulse life of the arrester has a critical nature

and the mechanism is explained through microscopic charcaterization using scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). At the same time

through the stochastic Voronoi network based resistor diss heat-force finite element simulation analysis and resistor disc glaze layer heating test on the lightning arrester in the impact aging process of the failure of the form of analysis

it is concluded that after localized melting occurs in the resistor disc grains

the temperature rise of the resistor disc becomes severe.This localized overheating causes the melting of the glaze layer

leading to surface falshover. At the same time

the concentration of current and heat after the localized melting of the resistor disc results in stresses far greater than the limit value of the resistor disc

thus causing cracking. Finally

a new damage prediction method for line arrester is proposed.The impulse life is predicted by the empirical formula based on the lightning current amplitude

and the relationship between the num ber of lightning strikes and the density of falling lightning is set up by the probability of lightning current amplitude

thus obtaining the empirical formula of the damage rate of the arrester and the density of falling lightning.

关键词

Keywords

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