Research on Control Strategy of Grid-forming Energy Storage Converter for Supporting Flexible Black Start of Microgrid

ZHANG Liang; FANG Zhou; ZHENG Yuping; WU Zaijun; ZHANG Jinghao; HOU Kai; WANG Junhui

doi:10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.05.012

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

Research on Control Strategy of Grid-forming Energy Storage Converter for Supporting Flexible Black Start of Microgrid

Research & Analysis | 更新时间：2026-05-13

- Research on Control Strategy of Grid-forming Energy Storage Converter for Supporting Flexible Black Start of Microgrid
- High Voltage Apparatus Vol. 62, Issue 5, Pages: 111-117(2026)
- 作者机构：
  
  南瑞集团有限公司，南京 211106
  南京工程学院，南京 211167
  东南大学，南京 210096
- 作者简介：
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.05.012
  CLC：
- Received：15 October 2025，
  
  Revised：2025-12-22，
  
  Published：16 May 2026
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
ZHANG Liang, FANG Zhou, ZHENG Yuping, et al. Research on Control Strategy of Grid-forming Energy Storage Converter for Supporting Flexible Black Start of Microgrid[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(5): 111-117.
DOI：

ZHANG Liang, FANG Zhou, ZHENG Yuping, et al. Research on Control Strategy of Grid-forming Energy Storage Converter for Supporting Flexible Black Start of Microgrid[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2026, 62(5): 111-117. DOI： 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2026.05.012.

摘要

为提高微电网故障恢复能力，文中提出了一种构网型储能变流器支撑微电网黑启动控制策略。首先，开展了微电网黑启动过程电压支撑和变压器励磁涌流产生的工作机理分析。在此基础上，采用虚拟同步机（virtual synchronous generator，VSG）技术控制构网型储能变流器作为黑启动微源，为孤岛微电网提供电压支撑，并将构网型储能变流器当作主电源而跟网型储能变流器当作从电源进行协同配合；其次，提出一种构网型储能变流器输出电压建立的柔性启动策略，以减小配电变压器的励磁涌流。最后，在MATLAB/Simulink建立模型开展仿真研究，仿真结果验证了所提策略的可行性和有效性。

Abstract

To enhance the fault recovery ability of microgrid

a black start control strategy supported by grid-forming energy storage converter is propsoed in this paper. First

the operating mechanism analysis of voltage support and transformer inrush current generation during black start of microgrid is performed. On this basis

the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology is adopted to control the grid-forming energy storage converter as the black start micro-source so to provide voltage support for island microgrid

and the grid-forming energy storage converter as the main power supply as well as the grid-following energy storage converter as the secondary power supply for coordination. Then

a flexible starting strategy based on output voltage of grid-forming energy storage converter is proposed to reduce the inrush current of distribution transformer. Finally

a model in MATLAB/Simulink is set up for simulation research

and the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy are verified by the simulation result.

关键词

Keywords

references

许诘翊,刘威,刘树,等.电力系统变流器构网控制技术的现状与发展趋势[J].电网技术,2022,46(9):3586-3594.

XU Jieyi,LIU Wei,LIU Shu,et al.Current state and development trends of power system converter grid-forming control technology[J]. Power System Technology,2022,46(9):3586-3594.

王华昕,刘美娜,褚启迪.计及长线路参数扰动的新能源黑启动工程分析[J].高压电器,2023,59(3):99-107.

WANG Huaxin,LIU Meina,CHU Qidi.Analysis of new energy black start-up engineering considering parameter perturbation of long line[J]. High Voltage Apparatus,2023,59(3):99-107.

周杰,皇金锋,黄红杰,等.T型三电平储能变流器直流母线电压改进自抗扰控制[J].电力系统保护与控制,2024,52(21):81-91.

ZHOU Jie,HUANG Jinfeng,HUANG Hongjie,et al.DC bus voltage improved active disturbance rejection control of a T-type threelevel energy storage converter[J]. Power System Protection and Control,2024,52(21):81-91.

陈祺炜,吴熙,李海峰,等.孤网全黑状态的恢复网架和分区优化算法[J].电力工程技术,2017,36(1):74-78.

CHEN Qiwei,WU Xi,LI Haifeng,et al.Recovery network and partition optimization algorithm of isolated networks under the full black state[J]. Electric Power Engineering Technology,2017,36 (1):74-78.

朱凌燕,潘再平,许国东.采用改进虚拟同步控制的双馈型风电场黑启动方案[J].太阳能学报,2021,42(4):162-167.

ZHU Lingyan,PAN Zaiping,XU Guodong.Black start scheme of dfig - based wind farm adopting improved virtual synchronous control[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2021,42(4):162-167.

付华,刘公权,齐晨飞,等.计及微电网黑启动的虚拟同步发电机调频策略[J].电力系统保护与控制,2020,48(14):59-68.

FU Hua,LIU Gongquan,QI Chenfei,et al.Frequency regulation strategy of a virtual synchronous generator - based microgrid considering the black start process[J]. Power System Protection and Control,2020,48(14):59-68.

朱利锋,吴彬锋,宋恩亮,等.主从结构下储能变流器并联运行建模与附加控制[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2022,34(7):54-63.

ZHU Lifeng,WU Binfeng,SONG Enliang,et al.Modelling and additional control for parallel operation of power converters in ESS under master-slave scheme[J]. Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA, 2022,34(7):54-63.

PEÑA ASENSIO A,ARNALTES GÓMEZ S,RODRIGUEZ-AMENE-DO J L.Black-start capability of PV power plants through a gridforming control based on reactive power synchronization[J]. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems,2023(146):108730.

KONG Fei,LI Jie,LIAO Mengjun,et al.Research on transformer saturation mechanism and restraining measures in VSC-HVDC black start process[C]//2022 12th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems (ICPES). Guangzhou:IEEE,2022:267-270.

黄景光,赵娇娇,林湘宁,等.基于SPWM的变压器励磁涌流抑制技术研究[J].高压电器,2019,55(10):210-215.

HUANG Jingguang,ZHAO Jiaojiao,LIN Xiangning,et al.Research on inrush current suppression technology of transformer based on SPWM[J]. High Voltage Apparatus,2019,55(10):210-215.

王伟,魏菊芳,方琼,等.变压器3种励磁涌流抑制措施效果比较[J].高压电器,2020,56(2):101-107.

WANG Wei,WEI Jufang,FANG Qiong,et al.Comparison of three kinds of magnetizing inrush current suppression measures for transformer[J]. High Voltage Apparatus,2020,56(2):101-107.

刘涛,颜廷武,卜新良,等.基于合闸电阻的变压器励磁涌流相控技术研究[J].高压电器,2018,54(3):109-114.

LIU Tao,YAN Tingwu,BU Xinliang,et al.Research on phasecontrolled technology of inrush current based on closing resistance[J]. High Voltage Apparatus,2018,54(3):109-114.

崔红芬,王德顺,杨波,等.支撑电网黑启动的风光储新能源电站协调控制策略[J].电力建设,2020,41(9):50-57.

CUI Hongfen,WANG Deshun,YANG Bo,et al.Coordinated control strategy of wind-solar-storage power station supporting black start of power grid[J]. Electric Power Construction,2020,41 (9):50-57.

杨荣,赵兴勇,赵钰彬,等.一种适用于微电网黑启动的改进微源电压控制策略[J].可再生能源,2019,37(10):1504-1510.

YANG Rong,ZHAO Xingyong,ZHAO Yubin,et al.An improved micro-source voltage control strategy for the micro-grid black-start[J]. Renewable Energy Resources,2019,37(10):1504-1510.

陈星宇.基于最小二乘矩阵束的励磁涌流识别方案[J].电力工程技术,2019,38(2):44-49.

CHEN Xingyu.Identification method for inrush current based on least-square matrix pencil algorithm[J]. Electric Power Engneering Technology,2019,38(2):44-49.

夏家辉,方园,刘卜瑞,等.基于特征电流波宽判据的变压器差动保护方法[J].电力工程技术,2020,39(1):184-190.

XIA Jiahui,FANG Yuan,LIU Burui,et al.The transformer differential protection method based on characteristic current waveform width criterion[J]. Electric Power Engneering Technology,2020,39 (1):184-190.

李建林,丁子洋,刘海涛,等.构网型储能变流器及控制策略研究[J].发电技术,2022,43(5):679-686.

LI Jianlin,DING Ziyang,LIU Haitao,et al.Research on gridforming energy storage converters and control strategies[J]. Power Generation Technology,2022,43(5):679-686.

张冠锋,杨俊友,王海鑫,等.基于虚拟同步机技术的风储系统协调调频控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2022,37(s1):83-92.

ZHANG Guanfeng,YANG Junyou,WANG Haixin,et al. Coordinated frequency modulation control strategy of wind farmstorage system based on virtual synchronous generator technology[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2022,37(s1):83-92.

王浩,郝正航,陈卓,等.基于虚拟同步发电机的储能逆变器控制策略及无缝切换技术[J].科学技术与工程,2022,22(9):3594-3600.

WANG Hao,HAO Zhenghang,CHEN Zhuo,et al.Control strategy and seamless switching technology of energy storage inverter based on virtual synchronous generator[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2022,22(9):3594-3600.

ELLIOTT F,ABHISHEK B,ULRICH M,et al.Investigating multimicrogrid black start methods using grid-forming inverters[Z]. USA:IEEE Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies North America,2023.

石荣亮,张兴,刘芳,等.基于虚拟同步发电机的孤立微网黑启动方案研究[J].太阳能学报,2017,38(10):2857-2864.

SHI Rongliang,ZHANG Xing,LIU Fang,et al.Research of blackstart schemes of isolated microgrid based on virtual synchronous generator[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2017,38(10):2857-2864.

贾本岩,白兆玉,井永腾,等.计及励磁涌流累积下变压器绕组受力分析[J].变压器,2025,62 (4):33-40.

JIA Benyan,BAI Zhaoyu,JING Yongteng,et al.Force analysis of transformer windings considering the accumulation of excitation inrush current[J]. Transformer,2025,62(4):33-40.

黄晨宏,付斌,郑真,等.基于数据—模型驱动的主动配电网预想故障筛选排序方法[J].变压器,2025,62(7):26-36.

HUANG Chenhong, FU Bin, ZHENG Zhen, et al.Active distribution network expected fault screening and ranking based on data-model driven[J]. Transformer,2025,62(7):26-36.

孙静,李福旺,陈健,等.基于智能算法的构网型储能与VSG控制结合的电压无功协调控制系统[J].电子设计工程,2025,33 (22):20-24.

SUN Jing,LI Fuwang,CHEN Jian,et al.Voltage reactive power coordinated control system based on intelligent algorithm for grid type energy storage combined with VSG control[J]. Electronic Design Engineering,2025,33(22):20-24.

朱煜昆,贾轩,潘霄汉,等.计及多区域直驱风场经VSG控制的MMC送出系统小信号稳定性分析[J].电力系统保护与控制, 2025,53(5):11-23.

ZHU Yukun,JIA Xuan,PAN Xiaohan,et al.Small signal stability analysis of multi-region direct-drive wind farms connected via a VSG-controlled MMC transmission system[J]. Power System Protection and Control ,2025 ,53(5):11-23.

Views

下载量

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

提交

Tools

Publicity Resources

Adaptive Control of Grid-forming Energy Storage Converters Considering SOC and Frequency Recovery

Improved Phase Selection Closing Strategy Based on DC Magnetizing Circuit

COMMON PROBLEMS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF NO-TIME-DELAY INSTANTANEOUS CURRENT PROTECTION FOR SMALL-CURRENT-GROUNDING SYSTEM

EFFECT OF CLOSING RESISTOR INSIDE CIRCUIT BREAKER ON INRUSH CURRENT OF TRANS FORMER

Study on Inrush Current Restraining Technology when Energizing No-load Transformer

Related Author

WANG Fangming

WANG Xu

ZHANG Liang

YIN Jia

CHEN Bing

ZHAO Xindong

LYU Feipeng

HUA Yao-qing

Related Institution

Jiangsu Electric Power Research Institute Co., Ltd.

State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd., Research Institute

College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University

江苏射阳县供电公司江苏射阳 224300

Sheyang Power Supply Company of Jiangsu Province, Sheyang

⁰