最新刊期

    卷 60 , 期 10 , 2024

      The Key Technologies for Energy Conservation and Carbon Reduction in New Power Systems

    • LIAO Yuqin, QU Lu, YANG Yueguang, LIAO Minchuan, LI Wenrong, WANG Xiaoqing
      Vol. 60, Issue 10, Pages: 1-11(2024) DOI: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2024.10.001
      摘要:Low carbon and environmental protection have become the strategy and policy orientation in China. In case of resistance reduction construction of transmission towers, long-distance epitaxial grounding electrodes are often laid to ground, resulting in such problems as waste of land resources and damage to the environment. In view of the complexity of the tower grounding construction environment and the limited construction area, a distributed current resistance reduction structure of the branch-type epitaxial grounding grid of the transmission line tower is proposed so to achieve low carbon and protection of the ground resistance reduction construction. Firstly, the effective resistance reduction length of a single epitaxial grounding electrode is calculated by simulation. Then, the influence of soil resistivity and ground current frequency on the resistance reduction characteristics of single-branch and multi-branch epitaxial grounding grids is studied. Finally, the current dispersion characteristics of unbalanced branch epitaxial grounding grid are analyzed. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional square frame strip-ray grounding grid, the single-branch epitaxial grounding grid with 1/3 of branch grounding electrode structure ratio has better resistance reduction characteristics, and the grounding construction area of the three-branch epitaxial grounding grid is smaller. The unbalanced branch epitaxial grounding grid helps to reduce the current density of the main grounding grid further.  
      关键词:environmental protection grounding;limited construction area;branched epitaxial grounding grid;resistance reduction efficiency;dispersed current density   
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    • CAO Dongyu, LI Zhenxing, PI Zhiyong, HU Cong, LI Zhenhua, ZHAO Ziyi
      Vol. 60, Issue 10, Pages: 12-20(2024) DOI: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2024.10.002
      摘要:The accuracy of the data information collected and transmitted by the merging unit determines whether the smart substation protection can operate reliably, which in turn affects safe operation of the system. In view of the requirement of verifying the line merging unit under online operation of the bus merging unit, a synchronization test technology for line merging units based on voltage following is proposed in this paper. By designing an in-phase follower, a current signal with adjustable amplitude is generated, amplified into current calibration via power so to provide the measurement signal and the measurement feedback is taken as the current calibration benchmark. At the same time, the Prony algorithm is used to calculate the secondary amplitude of the bus voltage and phase, which is used as the voltage calibration reference. For verifying the feasibility of the synchronization test technology, a laboratory test platform test based on RTDS is designed. The results show that this technology greatly reduced the synchronization test and debugging process of the merging unit, and the rationality of the solution is proved.  
      关键词:intelligent substation;merging unit;voltage following;online testing;synchronization test   
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    • MA Aiqing, ZHANG Chengwu, XU Jinshuai, WANG Wei
      Vol. 60, Issue 10, Pages: 21-32(2024) DOI: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2024.10.003
      摘要:Live working is an important part of ensuring safe and reliable operation of power grid. However, the live working is full of danger. In order to assess the risks faced by the human body, the concept of digital twins can be introduced into live working on transmission lines, and a human digital twin can be constructed to conduct risk assessment on the human body, completing the mapping of the real world in virtual space. The attitude estimation, model reconstruction and simulation are used to construct a digital twin of the human body for live working on high-voltage transmission lines, which can provide early warning of dangerous situations and assess personal safety. Firstly, the POSIT algorithm is used to obtain the transformation matrix between the real world and image coordinate systems. Combined with two-dimensional and three-dimensional transformation technology, the subsequent two-dimensional coordinate points are converted into three-dimensional coordinate points, which can obtain the posture data of the human body. Then, the human posture data is used for model reconstruction and on-site simulation for risk assessment, and potential risk assessment of personnel is performed through real-time work guidelines and rules. This research achieves model reconstruction of three-dimensional models with variation in posture data, and then with variation in the human body model, the system will automatically calculate the electric field in simulation and use risk assessment to display hazards. This technology can provide a new idea for safety assessment of on-site workers and lay the foundation for the development of digital power grid.  
      关键词:digital twin;transmission lines;attitude estimation;attitude data;model reconstruction;live working;scenario validation;risk assessment   
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    • LU Youfei, ZOU Shirong, LIU Luhao, ZHAO Hongwei, BAO Tao, XU Jian
      Vol. 60, Issue 10, Pages: 33-45(2024) DOI: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2024.10.004
      摘要:The increased proportion of grid-connected renewable energy sources with uncertainty makes the system state variation diverse, increases the difficulty of accurate control of system and prompts system energy co-dispatch. In this paper, a kind of parameter knowledge sharing algorithm is proposed firstly to improve computational speed and accuracy by sharing deep neural network parameters. Then, a two-layer linked generation control framework is constructed, and the parameter knowledge sharing algorithm is applied to improve the computational speed and accuracy of deep neural network parameter settings by migrating parameters between similar solution objectives, and the proposed interval fast contraction algorithm is applied to allocate commands to each type of energy storage. Finally, the experimental results of a power system containing a high percentage of renewable energy sources show that the proposed algorithm, compared to the comparison algorithm, reduces the average frequency deviation and cost by 22.5% and 3.77%, respectively.  
      关键词:automatic generation control;high percentage of renewable energy system;knowledge sharing;deep neural networks;interval fast contraction algorithm   
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    • YANG Guixing, GUO Xiaolong, SUN Yiqian, KANG Pengpeng, YANG Mengling, SONG Pengfei, WANG Yang
      Vol. 60, Issue 10, Pages: 46-53(2024) DOI: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2024.10.005
      摘要:The virtual synchronous generators (VSG) has the similar power oscillation characteristics as those of the traditional synchronous generators. The frequency deviation feedforward-based damping method is simple to be implemented and can, in case of active power reference or grid frequency step, suppress the active power oscillation of VSG without affecting the original inertia characteristics of VSG at the same time. However, in the existing study the influence of the low-pass filtering is not considered when the closed-loop transfer function model of the active power loop of frequency deviation feedforward-based damping method is set up, and the system order changes from the third order to the second order. If the existing parameter tuning method is still used, it may lead to the feedforward coefficient design incorrect. To this end, the transfer function model of VSG considering the effect of low-pass filtering is set up in this paper, and the reasons that the damping ratio of VSG cannot be freely adjusted between 0 and 1 are identified based on the pole-zero maps. Meanwhile, the method of selecting feedforward coefficient according to the desired damping ratio and natural oscillation frequency is given, which simplifies the parameter design process. The correctness of the parameter design method is verified by simulation results.  
      关键词:active power oscillation;damping control;feedforward control;virtual synchronous generator (VSG);parameters tuning   
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    • WANG Cenfeng, WANG Lei, SUN Feifei, HU Zhesheng, TANG Zao, LIU Jia
      Vol. 60, Issue 10, Pages: 54-63(2024) DOI: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2024.10.006
      摘要:Based on the actual frequency regulation requirements of wind farm stations, the development of optimal configuration calculation of hybrid energy storage can achieve the balance between reducing the cost of frequency regulation service and the investment cost of hybrid energy storage. Therefore, a kind of two-layer optimal configuration model for hybrid energy storage assisted wind power frequency regulation based on fuzzy logic predictive control is proposed. The upper layer model consists of such six factors as hybrid energy storage investment cost, operation and maintenance cost, replacement and utilization cost, electricity deviation cost, wind power frequency regulation benefit and promotion of new energy consumption benefit so to provide constraints on the power and capacity of hybrid energy storage in the lower model. The lower layer model constructs an energy optimization allocation strategy using fuzzy logic control for single-step hybrid energy storage and wind power frequency regulation, which significantly reduces the calculation time required for the strategy and, at the same time, eliminates the need for frequent charging and discharging of battery energy storage. Moreover, it provides the basis for accounting the operating cost and benefit of the upper layer model. Additionally, the intelligent algorithms are used to optimize and solve the model. Finally, the simulation and analysis are performed based on the actual operation data of one wind farm in Zhejiang province, and both effectiveness and economic performance of the method proposed in the paper are verified by the result.  
      关键词:hybrid energy storage;wind power;frequency modulation;fuzzy logic control   
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    • ZHOU Yan, LIU Weimin, CHEN Fan, JIA Mengqing, WANG Jing, ZHOU Jie, XU Wentao
      Vol. 60, Issue 10, Pages: 64-77(2024) DOI: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2024.10.007
      摘要:In order to deal with the problem of net load fluctuation due to access of large-scale distributed PV to the distribution network, a kind of bi-level energy storage planning method considering demand response is proposed. Firstly, the flexibility requirements of distribution network under different photovoltaic permeability and the operation characteristics of various flexibility resources are analyzed. Then, the typical scenarios of distributed photovoltaic and load are obtained by principal component analysis method and hierarchical clustering algorithm. After that, a bi-level planning model for distribution network energy storage considering demand response is set up. The upper planning layer optimizes the energy storage planning scheme with the goal of minimizing the comprehensive cost. The lower operating layer minimizes the operating cost target, and considers the controllable objects such as energy storage, price-based demand response and interruptible load to solve the operation strategy of each typical scenarios. At the same time, for effectively solving the bi-level planning model, the double-layer model is converted into a single-layer model by using the approach of upper and lower level correlation and solved by Gurobi solver. Finally, the IEEE33 node system is used to analyze the different photovoltaic permeability of the distribution network and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.  
      关键词:permeability;demand response;bi-level planning;distributed photovoltaic;energy storage system   
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    • LIU Yutong, ZHAO Lin, WANG Xintai
      Vol. 60, Issue 10, Pages: 78-85(2024) DOI: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2024.10.008
      摘要:Using hybrid energy storage system to smooth out the output power of wind power can effectively solve the problem of wind power connection to the power grid, whereas different power allocation methods have great influence on the optimal configuration of hybrid energy storage. Therefore, a power allocation strategy of hybrid energy storage system based on sample entropy-improved symplectic geometric mode decomposition (SE-improved SGMD) is proposed. Firstly, SGMD is used to decompose the unbalance power so to obtain the Symplectic Geometry Component (SGC). Then, the sample entropy (SE) of each SGC after decomposition is calculated and its similarity threshold is obtained. Based on this, the decomposed sub-components are reconstructed into high and low frequency components, which are used as the reference power of super capacitor and vanadium redox flow battery respectively. Furthermore, the rated power and capacity of the two energy storage devices are configured by taking into account the SOC limit constraints and charge-discharge efficiency constraints of the energy storage devices. Finally, combined with the measured output data of a domestic wind farm, an economic assessment model based on life cycle cost is constructed to verify the effectiveness and practicability of the method proposed in this paper.  
      关键词:hybrid energy storage system;symplectic geometric mode decomposition;sample entropy;SOC limiting constraint;life cycle cost   
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      Overview

    • Overview of Condition Sensing and Detection Technology for Power Cables

      WU Chunfang, CHEN Yun, HUANG Tao, XIAO Jiapeng, WANG Chao, ZHEN Weiyang, CHEN Yanwen, CHENG Yanting, ZHAO Peng, HAO Yanpeng
      Vol. 60, Issue 10, Pages: 86-103(2024) DOI: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2024.10.009
      摘要:Power cable is an important equipment in power systems and its operation conditions are related to safe and reliable operation of transmission and distribution system. The condition detection technology of cable refers to intelligent perception of cable in accordance with the historical data of operation conditions of cable and comprehensive application of such technologies as power off test, live test and online monitoring detection so to provide key reference information for the comprehensive assessment of operating performance of cable. In this paper, the research status of condition sensing and detection technology of cable at home and abroad in recent years are reviewed, such conditions as temperature, ampacity, partial discharge, moisture, strain/vibration and earth current are described respectively and the detection principles of different conditions are explained, the application and development level of condition detection technology of cable in research and practice are described and the main development trend of cable condition detection technology are discussed.  
      关键词:power cable;operating condition;condition;power off test;live test;online monitoring;temperature;ampacity;partial discharge;moisture;strain/vibration;earth current   
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      Research & Analysis

    • DING Can, LI Kaiming, YUAN Zhao, CHEN Lixue
      Vol. 60, Issue 10, Pages: 104-109(2024) DOI: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2024.10.010
      摘要:With the development of such new energy as wind power as well as DC power grid, the frequency of the breaking current of circuit breaker is diversified, which requires the circuit breaker can break the current higher or lower than 50 Hz. For this problem, the influence of current frequency on the breaking capacity of vacuum circuit breaker is studied from such three aspects as arcing process, magnetic field regulation and post-arc process in this paper. Firstly, the distribution of arc micro parameters at different frequencies is studied. It is found that with the increase of frequency, the arc configuration presents the phenomenon of agglomeration, and the contact presents the phenomenon of serious local ablation. However, the total ablation of the contact becomes smaller due to the shorter arcing time. The lower the frequency, the longer the arcing time, and the contacts show serious ablation. Then, the magnetic field distribution of cup-shaped longitudinal magnetic contacts under different frequencies is studied. It is found that with the increase of frequency, the more uneven the magnetic field distribution is, the less the diffusion effect on the arc plasma becomes, and the plasma is more difficult to diffuse due to the shortening of arcing time. Finally, it is found through the analysis of the influence of frequency on the growth process of back arc sheath that the greater the frequency, the slower the back arc sheath grows to the full opening distance, thus reducing the breaking capacity. It is concluded that the contact of the circuit breaker under low frequency is seriously ablated as a whole, and a large amount of metal vapor will be generated when the arc is extinguished. The attenuation process of metal vapor will dominate the post arc insulation recovery process of the circuit breaker, while the post arc insulation recovery process of the circuit breaker under high frequency is dominated by the sheath growth process.  
      关键词:current frequency;vacuum arc;contact ablation;magnetic field distribution;post-arc process   
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    • YU Changting, LI Dajian, CHEN Liangyuan, ZHANG Lei, ZHAO Jian
      Vol. 60, Issue 10, Pages: 110-118(2024) DOI: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2024.10.011
      摘要:For improving the accuracy of mechanical condition monitoring of on-load tap-changer (OLTC) further, the vibration signal of the OLTC during the switching period is analyzed on the basis of the optimized tunable Q-factor wavelet transform (TQWT) method. The optimization decomposition method of the TQWT is studied by using the artificial fish swarm algorithm and AFAS (based on decomposition residue and global orthogonal coefficients), and the mechanical fault diagnosis model of OLTC is constructed based on the optimized twin support vector machine (TWSVM) and in accordance with multiple multiple subsequences of the OLTC vibration signals which is obtained by calculation. The analysis results from vibration signals of a CM-type OLTC under normal and typical mechanical faults show that the proposed optimized TQWT decomposition method can effectively improve the accuracy of decomposing vibration signals of OLTC. The mechanical fault diagnosis mode of OLTC with AFSA-TWSVM, compared to other diagnosis models, has better classification performance and fast convergence speed.  
      关键词:on-load tap-changer;mechanical fault;vibration signal;tunable Q-factor wavelet transform;artificial fish swarm algorithm;twin support vector machine   
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    • YANG Xilong, LI Xinyi, MU Shuanglu, GU Qun, WANG Haoyu, TA Yuanchao
      Vol. 60, Issue 10, Pages: 119-128(2024) DOI: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2024.10.012
      摘要:With the continuous expansion of national ultra-high voltage engineering construction scale, the construction of ultra-high voltage substations in cold regions is gradually becoming normalized. The ambient temperature in some areas is close to -40 ℃. The SF6 insulation gas of ultra-high voltage switchgear will liquefy in low-temperature environments, reducing equipment reliability. Measures need to be taken to ensure the insulation performance of the equipment. This article proposes a design method for using auxiliary heating devices to prevent SF6 gas liquefaction by analyzing the low-temperature characteristics of SF6 gas and combining it with product structure. For components that cannot be directly used with auxiliary heating devices, the method of reducing air pressure is adopted to prevent liquefaction. At the same time, experimental research was conducted on the temperature changes of SF6 gas inside the shell, the sealing performance of various main components at low temperatures, and the low-temperature performance of density relays after using auxiliary heating devices in low-temperature environments. The effectiveness of auxiliary heating devices in improving SF6 gas temperature, the reliability of various components in 1 100 kV GIS at low temperatures, and the impact of auxiliary heating devices on product temperature rise were verified. The test results will provide guidance for the construction and operation of ultra-high voltage stations in low-temperature areas in the future.  
      关键词:1 100 kV GIS;low-temperature anti-liquefaction;design method;experimental study   
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    • LIU Zhaogui, LEI Zhipeng, WANG Ye, SHI Zhijie, HAN Kunying, WANG Siyu, LIU Yang
      Vol. 60, Issue 10, Pages: 129-136(2024) DOI: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2024.10.013
      摘要:The towing cable for coal cutters is always subjected to the joint effects of electric, thermal and mechanical stresses in actual operation, which severely deteriorates its insulation performance. In order to be able to master the insulation performance of ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) for the towing cable of coal cutter under simultaneous action of mechanical and thermal stress, the the dielectric spectroscopy of the EPR under the action of the extrusion force and temperature is measured in this paper, and the influence of temperature and extrusion force on the real part of complex permittivity and complex conductivity of EPR is studied. Then, the spectroscopy of imaginary part of complex permittivity is fitted by Havriliak-Negami function, the characteristic parameters of the Havriliak-Negami function are extracted and the relationship among the characteristic parameters, temperature and the extrusion force is analyzed. The result shows that the complex permittivity and the real part of complex conductivity of EPR are not only closely related to temperature and frequency, but the complex permittivity is also related to extrusion force and the real part of the complex conductivity is to negatively related to the extrusion force. The imaginary part of complex permittivity of EPR is in good agreement with the Havriliak-Negami function. It is concluded from the analysis of the characteristic parameters that the influence of temperature on DC conductivity and of the extrusion force on loss strength is the main cause leading to complex permittivity variation of EPR insulation.  
      关键词:EPR;dielectric spectroscopy;temperature;extrusion force;cable   
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    • WANG Weifang, HE Yuwei, XU Zhen, LIU Zhengguo, LIU Yakun
      Vol. 60, Issue 10, Pages: 137-146(2024) DOI: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2024.10.014
      摘要:For studying the simulation accuracy of the IEEE model and Pinceti model for metal - oxide varistor (MOV), six types of MOVs at rated voltage of 150-750 V are taken as the object to theoretically and experimentally analyze the residual voltage absorption energy at amplitude of lightning impulse current of 4/10 μs and 8/20 μs and the switching current of 30/60 μs. The results show that in the parameter determination of IEEE model, the reference voltage of the nonlinear resistance increases but the inductance decreases with the increase of switching impulse current amplitude; In the residual voltage prediction, the error of IEEE model is 2.6%, which is more accurate than 4.6% of the Pinceti model; In the estimation of the energy absorption of MOV, the accuracy of IEEE model is higher than that of the Pinceti model when the current amplitude is less than 10 kA, and the accuracy of IEEE model to the switching impulse current of 30/60 μs is higher, but to the lightning impulse current of 8/20 μs is lower.  
      关键词:impulse current testing;metal-oxide varistor (MOV);dynamic model;residual voltage;energy absorption   
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    • CHEN Lu, WU Tianyi, SU Lei, HUANG Hua, LI Xiaohua, LI Juncong
      Vol. 60, Issue 10, Pages: 147-155(2024) DOI: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2024.10.015
      摘要:The operation of urban rail transit will cause DC bias of transformer, which will seriously threaten the safe and stable operation of the power grid. In order to study the influence of operation of rail transit on the DC bias of transformer, the multi-physical measurement method is adopted of certain 500 kV transformer along the line of Shanghai rial transit to test the neutral point DC, vibration, and noise characteristics of the transformer during normal operation, peak operation and shutdown of the transformer, and compare with the vibration noise data of the subway in operation in 2010. It is found by the analysis and test result that the neutral point DC, vibrationand noise characteristics of the transformer as well as the load power of the rail transit show a positive correlation. It proves that the stray current caused by rail transit operation will cause the transformer to operate with DC bias for a long time, which provides guidance for the operation and maintenance of the transformer.  
      关键词:urban rail transit;DC bias;500 kV transformer;vibration noise   
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    • CHENG Yu, ZENG Xiangjun, MA Zhaoyu, LUO Yiping, TIAN Haoyang, WU Tianyi
      Vol. 60, Issue 10, Pages: 156-163(2024) DOI: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2024.10.016
      摘要:Power supply is the key to ensure stable operation of on-line monitoring device of high-voltage transmission line. In this paper, a kind of energy extraction power supply based on the high-voltage electric field induction energy extraction technology is proposed, and its power circuit and control circuit are analyzed and designed respectively. The displacement current generated by the inductor pole plate as the input of the energy extraction power supply directly determines the input power of the energy extraction power supply. The influence of the size of the inductor pole plate on the displacement current is investigated by using the Comsol software, the size of the inductor pole plate is determined and compared with actually measured data so to verify the correctness of the simulation. Based on this, a set of video monitoring device is developed in the paper, which realizes the self-energy extraction of the device through the inductor pole plate and the energy extraction power supply, shoots the video of the transmission line and the surrounding environment and sends it to the remote terminal. Finally, it is experimentally determined that when the video monitoring device is applied at voltage level at 110 kV, the duration of a single video received by the remote terminal is 2.2 min, and the video interval is 54.9 min.  
      关键词:high-voltage electric field induction energy extraction;energy extraction power supply;inductor pole plate;transmission line;video monitoring   
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    • HAO Yuliang, LIANG Xinyu, LI Xuanjiannan, ZHANG Mengwei, LIU Peng, WANG Qinyu, CHEN Chen
      Vol. 60, Issue 10, Pages: 164-170(2024) DOI: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2024.10.017
      摘要:In this paper, a kind of all-fiber and miniaturized vibration sensor with temperature self-suppression function is proposed so to achieve the precise capture of vibration signals in electrical equipment. By fabricating a micro-cantilever on polarization-maintaining fiber, the external vibrations are converted into phase changes between two orthogonal polarization states, enabling the measurement of external vibration signals. For effectively suppressing the interference of environmental temperature to the fiber sensor, a polarization - reciprocal optical path structure is formed in the sensor so to effectively eliminate the phase errors due to temperature-induced birefringence. The test results show that the proposed sensor exhibits a flat response bandwidth within the range of 100 Hz to 6 kHz, with a vibration measurement sensitivity of 87.76 mV/(m·s2) and remarkable stability across a temperature span from 25 ℃ to 60 ℃. In order to verify the monitoring effectiveness of the sensor to the vibration of electrical equipment, the vibration shock detection test of the casing of equipment during arcing process in transformer oil is performed in the laboratory. The test result shows that the sensor successfully captures the vibration waveform of the casing during the arcing process, with the vibration duration of the arcing process lasting approximately 20 ms. The vibration dominant frequency is 800 Hz and the maximum amplitude is up to 4.2 m/s2.  
      关键词:vibration sensing;optical fiber sensing;polarization reciprocity;temperature-insensitive;all-fiber   
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    • TIAN Huidong, JIN Shoufeng, XIE Tao, ZHAO Zichen, WANG Qingyu, PENG Zongren
      Vol. 60, Issue 10, Pages: 171-182(2024) DOI: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2024.10.018
      摘要:The lamella, as a key element of electrical connection structure in high-voltage bushing, the contacts degradation is affected by the combined action of electricity, heat and chemistry. At present, the key factors affecting the deterioration of the lamella are unclear and relevant research is urgently needed. In this paper, a research on the high temperature corrosion characteristics of the lamella is performed based on the lamella deterioration test system. Firstly, the reaction tendency of different metal materials to the decomposition products of SF6 gas is analyzed based on thermodynamics. Meanwhile, the corrosion test of the lamella at high temperature in SF6 is carried out, and the corrosion characteristics of the lamella under different superheated decomposition conditions is obtained. It is found by the research that the type of corrosion reaction of the lamella mainly depends on the position of the highest temperature point and the magnitude of thermal decomposition of SF6 gas. The characteristic peak of fluoride in the early stage of thermal decomposition of SF6 is stronger. When the temperature of the lamella is higher than the surrounding temperature and the SF6 decomposition degree is low, the lamella is mainly corroded by fluoride. In case of high SF6 decomposition, the lamella is mainly corroded by sulfur. The related research can provide a practical basis for the overheating fault analysis and reliable operation of the contact structure of high voltage bushing.  
      关键词:high voltage bushing;lamella;corrosion;thermodynamics;SF6 decomposition   
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    • CHENG Jinjin, LI Xuebao, LI Chao, LIU Xiangchen, ZHAO Zhibin
      Vol. 60, Issue 10, Pages: 183-190(2024) DOI: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2024.10.019
      摘要:The insulation performance of high voltage and high power insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) devices is restricted by the insulation performance of silicone gel, which is the device packaging material of IGBT devices. At present, there are few researches on the inception characteristics and influence factors of partial discharge in silicone gel under the device application condition, namely the positive polarity repetitive square wave. In this paper, an experimental platform of partial discharge in silicone gel under positive polarity repetitive square wave voltage was established, the partial discharge inception characteristics in silicone gel under positive polarity repetitive square wave voltage were obtained by photoelectric combined detection method and the mechanism was analyzed, the effects of positive polarity repetitive square wave parameters including rise time, fall time, duty cycle and frequency on partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) and instantaneous discharge voltage in silicone gel were preliminarily mastered. The results show that PDIV has little change with the rise time, but it decreases by 10.4% at 200 ms compared with 150 ms. When the fall time is higher than 100 ms, PDIV presents an approximately linear rising trend, and remains relatively stable when the duty cycle is between 30% and 70%. As the frequency increases, PDIV has a minimum value at 100 Hz. The research results of this paper have certain guiding significance for the cognition of insulation characteristics of silicone gel used in IGBT device internal packaging under device application conditions.  
      关键词:positive polarity repetitive square wave voltage;silicone gel;waveform parameters;partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV);instantaneous discharge voltage   
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    • LIU Guan, YANG Yong, GAO Shilong, ZHANG Wenbo, SHAO Zhuke, YUAN Hongtao
      Vol. 60, Issue 10, Pages: 191-197(2024) DOI: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2024.10.020
      摘要:In response to the issues associated with machine learning, such as the requirement for a substantial amount of training data and the relatively poor interpretability of models, this paper integrates rule-based reasoning with a graphical user interface to enhance the comprehensibility and usability of the fault diagnosis system. By employing a hierarchical and graphical representation, the complexity and difficulty of rule formulation are significantly reduced. Particularly, the support for fuzzy mathematical operations allows the rules to adapt more flexibly to various situations, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of fault diagnosis. Field applications have demonstrated the effectiveness of the methods proposed in this paper, while also effectively enhancing the understanding and formulation capabilities of on-site personnel regarding fault diagnosis rules, thus improving the operational efficiency and safety of the dynamic equipment in the cooling systems of VSC-HVDC.  
      关键词:VSC-HVDC;cooling system dynamic equipment;fault diagnosis;rule-based reasoning   
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      Technical Discussion

    • Study on Flicker Detection Measurement Method of DC Distribution System

      SU Can, ZHOU Wen, HU Xuekai, YAN Peng, MENG Liang, LIU Juncheng
      Vol. 60, Issue 10, Pages: 198-205(2024) DOI: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2024.10.021
      摘要:As same as AC distribution system, the DC voltage and DC current characterizing feature of DC distribution system is changing instantaneously in random in terms of fluctuation magnitude and frequency, making variation of illuminance of lights connected to DC network, leading to human being impression of unsteadiness of visual sensation induced by a light stimulus, namely flicker. Comparing with the recognized and standardized flicker measurement method of AC distribution system, the flicker measurement method for DC distribution system is still under development and discussion. In this paper, a new method called non-squaring-demodulation method applicable for DC distribution system is proposed on the basis of the feature of DC distribution system and the traditional squaring-demodulation flicker measurement method defined in AC distribution system. The simulation analysis shows that the method is high in accuracy, the error within the wide flicker variation range is within the acceptable range, which is greatly superior to traditional square demodulation method.  
      关键词:DC distribution system;lamp;illumination;flicker;measurement method   
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    • SONG Guangmin, DUAN Xiaohui, HUI Yongfeng, LIU Yu, LI Xingang, LI Meirong, GUO Liangchao
      Vol. 60, Issue 10, Pages: 206-211(2024) DOI: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2024.10.022
      摘要:In this paper, the adjustment method of opening time of spring operating mechanism for high voltage circuit breaker is proposed. The method can achieve the opening time adjustment of circuit breaker without changing the operating voltage and moving speed of the circuit breaker. The effectiveness of the opening time adjustment is verified through the simulation optimization and test verification of the actual prototype, which provides optimization reference for the subsequent design, operation and maintenance of the spring operating mechanism for the circuit breaker, protection time adjustment of the substation and has certain guiding significance.  
      关键词:circuit breaker;spring operating mechanism;breaking time;optimization design   
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    • ZHAO Zihui, YANG Kun, QIAN Lihong, CAO Yangna, SHI Zongqian
      Vol. 60, Issue 10, Pages: 212-220(2024) DOI: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2024.10.023
      摘要:Flexible DC distribution network has become an important part of future distribution network because of its many advantages. DC circuit breakers are important equipment in constructing flexible DC distribution network, whereas, the overvoltage generated during the operation of DC circuit breaker endangers the insulation safety of the system. This paper establishes a ±10 kV three-terminal flexible DC distribution network in the Pscad/Emtdc platform, and carries out theoretical and simulation analysis of the breaking strategy and operating overvoltage of mechanical DC circuit breakers in the case of interrupting bipolar short-circuit fault on the cable side, bipolar short-circuit fault at the outlet of current-limiting reactor, and single-pole ground fault. Furthermore, the influence of operating timing sequence of mechanical DC circuit breakers at both ends of the line on operating overvoltage is investigated. Finally, the analysis results are summarized and the research in present work provides a reference for the protection strategy and insulation coordination of the flexible DC distribution network.  
      关键词:flexible DC distribution network;mechanical DC circuit breaker;operation overvoltage   
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